.. _openstack_API_quick_guide: ============== OpenStack APIs ============== To authenticate access to OpenStack services, you must first issue an authentication request with a payload of credentials to OpenStack Identity to get an authentication token. Credentials are usually a combination of your user name and password, and optionally, the name or ID of the tenant where your cloud runs. Ask your cloud administrator for your user name, password, and tenant so that you can generate authentication tokens. Alternatively, you can supply a token rather than a user name and password. When you send API requests, you include the token in the ``X-Auth-Token`` header. If you access multiple OpenStack services, you must get a token for each service. A token is valid for a limited time before it expires. A token can also become invalid for other reasons. For example, if the roles for a user change, existing tokens for that user are no longer valid. Authentication and API request workflow ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #. Request an authentication token from the Identity endpoint that your cloud administrator gave you. Send a payload of credentials in the request as shown in :ref:`authenticate`. If the request succeeds, the server returns an authentication token. #. Send API requests and include the token in the ``X-Auth-Token`` header. Continue to send API requests with that token until the service completes the request or the Unauthorized (401) error occurs. #. If the Unauthorized (401) error occurs, request another token. The examples in this section use cURL commands. For information about cURL, see http://curl.haxx.se/. For information about the OpenStack APIs, see `OpenStack API Reference `__. .. _authenticate: Authenticate ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The payload of credentials to authenticate contains these parameters: +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ | Parameter | Type | Description | +=======================+================+======================================+ | username (required) | xsd:string | The user name. If you do not provide | | | | a user name and password, you must | | | | provide a token. | +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ | password (required) | xsd:string | The password for the user. | +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ | *tenantName* | xsd:string | The tenant name. Both the | | (Optional) | | *tenantId* and *tenantName* | | | | are optional and mutually exclusive. | | | | If you specify both attributes, the | | | | server returns the Bad Request (400) | | | | response code. | +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ | *tenantId* | xsd:string | The tenant ID. Both the *tenantId* | | (Optional) | | and *tenantName* are optional and | | | | mutually exclusive. If you specify | | | | both attributes, the server returns | | | | the Bad Request (400) response code. | | | | If you do not know the tenant name | | | | ID, send a request with "" for the | | | | tenant name or ID. The response | | | | returns the tenant name or ID. | +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ | token (Optional) | xsd:string | A token. If you do not provide a | | | | token, you must provide a user name | | | | and password. | +-----------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+ In a typical OpenStack deployment that runs Identity, you can specify your tenant name, and user name and password credentials to authenticate. First, export your tenant name to the `OS_TENANT_NAME` environment variable, your user name to the `OS_USERNAME` environment variable, and your password to the `OS_PASSWORD` environment variable. The example below uses a TryStack endpoint but you can also use `$OS_IDENTITYENDPOINT` as an environment variable as needed. Then, run this cURL command to request a token: .. code-block:: console $ curl -s -X POST http://128.136.179.2:5000/v2.0/tokens \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "'"$OS_TENANT_NAME"'", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "'"$OS_USERNAME"'", "password": "'"$OS_PASSWORD"'"}}}' \ | python -m json.tool If the request succeeds, it returns the ``OK (200)`` response code followed by a response body that contains a token in the form ``"id":"token"`` and an expiration date and time in the form ``"expires":"datetime"``. .. note:: If you do not know the tenant name or ID, send a request with "" for the tenant name or ID. The response returns the tenant name or ID. .. code-block:: console $ curl -s -X POST http://128.136.179.2:5000/v2.0/tokens \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "'"$OS_USERNAME"'", "password": "'"$OS_PASSWORD"'"}}}' \ | python -m json.tool The following example shows a successful response: .. code-block:: json { "access": { "metadata": { "is_admin": 0, "roles": [ "9fe2ff9ee4384b1894a90878d3e92bab" ] }, "serviceCatalog": [ { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8774/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "id": "9484a876103048d6b6061405292a69ec", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8774/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8774/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "nova", "type": "compute" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:9696/", "id": "48bb1eaac6004287b569171d6eff3a8b", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:9696/", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:9696/", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "neutron", "type": "network" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8776/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "id": "4914cc64592048ab823beeed6ff58add", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8776/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8776/v2/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "cinderv2", "type": "volumev2" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8779/v1.0/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "id": "255f5bcfd284485ebf033f7488a1a0bd", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8779/v1.0/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8779/v1.0/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "trove", "type": "database" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8080", "id": "18c55bdb3f4044958cc2257a9345d921", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8080", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8080", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "swift_s3", "type": "s3" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:9292", "id": "2b8be454ac394e4bb482c88a1876c987", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:9292", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:9292", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "glance", "type": "image" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8774/v3", "id": "b806c63677334f5c8318234a9f8ce6be", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8774/v3", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8774/v3", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "novav3", "type": "computev3" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.3:8786/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "id": "83daad78b4e94ff98ed0dc9384d2287b", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.3:8786/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8786/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "manila", "type": "share" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8777", "id": "4d6b384ae0ad4f9c840d9841d2558fc2", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8777", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8777", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "ceilometer", "type": "metering" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8776/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "id": "0504d7f8035a4149ba41842bae498a10", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8776/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8776/v1/2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "cinder", "type": "volume" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8773/services/Admin", "id": "5b8d4c3357e04be78a8eb928a839cdd7", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8773/services/Cloud", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8773/services/Cloud", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "nova_ec2", "type": "ec2" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8080/", "id": "1a4c96b000de4474908e45460017bf00", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:8080/v1/AUTH_2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:8080/v1/AUTH_2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "swift", "type": "object-store" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://172.16.1.2:35357/v2.0", "id": "40c9824d67dc4ef5b3b9495e117719a2", "internalURL": "http://172.16.1.2:5000/v2.0", "publicURL": "http://128.136.179.2:5000/v2.0", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "keystone", "type": "identity" } ], "token": { "audit_ids": [ "a8ozqFkkSfCmUQpbCZlS-w" ], "expires": "2015-11-05T23:23:27Z", "id": "4b57c7d386a7438b829d1a8922e0eaac", "issued_at": "2015-11-05T22:23:27.166658", "tenant": { "description": "Auto created account", "enabled": true, "id": "2a124051e083457091cecc3aa553a5a9", "name": "facebook987654321" } }, "user": { "id": "182d9ad16c2a4397bdceb595658b830f", "name": "facebook987654321", "roles": [ { "name": "_member_" } ], "roles_links": [], "username": "facebook987654321" } } } Send API requests ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This section shows how to make some basic Compute API calls. For a complete list of Compute API calls, see `Compute API (CURRENT) `__. Export the token ID to the ``OS_TOKEN`` environment variable. For example: .. code-block:: console export OS_TOKEN=4b57c7d386a7438b829d1a8922e0eaab The token expires every 24 hours. Export the tenant name to the ``OS_TENANT_NAME`` environment variable. For example: .. code-block:: console export OS_TENANT_NAME=demo Then, use the Compute API to list flavors: .. code-block:: console $ curl -s -H "X-Auth-Token: $OS_TOKEN" \ http://128.136.179.2:8774/v2/$OS_TENANT_NAME/flavors \ | python -m json.tool .. code-block:: json { "flavors": [ { "id": "1", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/1", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/1", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "m1.tiny" }, { "id": "2", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/2", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/2", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "m1.small" }, { "id": "3", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/3", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/3", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "m1.medium" }, { "id": "4", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/4", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/4", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "m1.large" }, { "id": "5", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/5", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/flavors/5", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "m1.xlarge" } ] } Use the Compute API to list images: .. code-block:: console $ curl -s -H "X-Auth-Token: $OS_TOKEN" \ http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/tenant_id/images \ | python -m json.tool .. code-block:: json { "images": [ { "id": "2dadcc7b-3690-4a1d-97ce-011c55426477", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2dadcc7b-3690-4a1d-97ce-011c55426477", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2dadcc7b-3690-4a1d-97ce-011c55426477", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:9292/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2dadcc7b-3690-4a1d-97ce-011c55426477", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate" } ], "name": "Fedora 21 x86_64" }, { "id": "cfba3478-8645-4bc8-97e8-707b9f41b14e", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/cfba3478-8645-4bc8-97e8-707b9f41b14e", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/cfba3478-8645-4bc8-97e8-707b9f41b14e", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:9292/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/cfba3478-8645-4bc8-97e8-707b9f41b14e", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate" } ], "name": "Ubuntu 14.04 amd64" }, { "id": "2e4c08a9-0ecd-4541-8a45-838479a88552", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2e4c08a9-0ecd-4541-8a45-838479a88552", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2e4c08a9-0ecd-4541-8a45-838479a88552", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:9292/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/2e4c08a9-0ecd-4541-8a45-838479a88552", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate" } ], "name": "CentOS 7 x86_64" }, { "id": "c8dd9096-60c1-4e23-a486-82955481df9f", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/c8dd9096-60c1-4e23-a486-82955481df9f", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/c8dd9096-60c1-4e23-a486-82955481df9f", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:9292/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/c8dd9096-60c1-4e23-a486-82955481df9f", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate" } ], "name": "CentOS 6.5 x86_64" }, { "id": "f97b8d36-935e-4666-9c58-8a0afc6d3796", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/f97b8d36-935e-4666-9c58-8a0afc6d3796", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/f97b8d36-935e-4666-9c58-8a0afc6d3796", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:9292/f9828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/images/f97b8d36-935e-4666-9c58-8a0afc6d3796", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate" } ], "name": "Fedora 20 x86_64" } ] } Use the Compute API to list servers: .. code-block:: console $ curl -s -H "X-Auth-Token: $OS_TOKEN" \ http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/tenant_id/servers \ | python -m json.tool .. code-block:: json { "servers": [ { "id": "41551256-abd6-402c-835b-e87e559b2249", "links": [ { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/v2/f8828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/servers/41551256-abd6-402c-835b-e87e559b2249", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://8.21.28.222:8774/f8828a18c6484624b571e85728780ba8/servers/41551256-abd6-402c-835b-e87e559b2249", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "test-server" } ] } .. _client-intro: OpenStack command-line clients ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ For scripting work and simple requests, you can use a command-line client like the ``openstack-client`` client. This client enables you to use the Identity, Compute, Block Storage, and Object Storage APIs through a command-line interface. Also, each OpenStack project has a related client project that includes Python API bindings and a command-line interface (CLI). For information about the command-line clients, see `OpenStack Command-Line Interface Reference `__. Install the clients ------------------- Use ``pip`` to install the OpenStack clients on a Mac OS X or Linux system. It is easy and ensures that you get the latest version of the client from the `Python Package Index `__. Also, ``pip`` lets you update or remove a package. You must install the client for each project separately, but the ``python-openstackclient`` covers multiple projects. Install or update a client package: .. code-block:: console $ sudo pip install [--upgrade] python-PROJECTclient Where *PROJECT* is the project name. For example, install the ``openstack`` client: .. code-block:: console $ sudo pip install python-openstackclient To update the ``openstack`` client, run this command: .. code-block:: console $ sudo pip install --upgrade python-openstackclient To remove the ``openstack`` client, run this command: .. code-block:: console $ sudo pip uninstall python-openstackclient Before you can issue client commands, you must download and source the ``openrc`` file to set environment variables. For complete information about the OpenStack clients, including how to source the ``openrc`` file, see `OpenStack End User Guide `__, `OpenStack Administrator Guide `__, and `OpenStack Command-Line Interface Reference `__. Launch an instance ------------------ To launch instances, you must choose a name, an image, and a flavor for your instance. To list available images, call the Compute API through the ``openstack`` client: .. code-block:: console $ openstack image list .. code-block:: console +--------------------------------------+------------------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+------------------+ | a5604931-af06-4512-8046-d43aabf272d3 | fedora-20.x86_64 | +--------------------------------------+------------------+ To list flavors, run this command: .. code-block:: console $ openstack flavor list .. code-block:: console +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | Is_Public | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | True | | 42 | m1.nano | 64 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | True | | 84 | m1.micro | 128 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | True | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-----------+ To launch an instance, note the IDs of your desired image and flavor. To launch the ``my_instance`` instance, run the ``openstack server create`` command with the image and flavor IDs and the server name: .. code-block:: console $ openstack server create --image 949c80c8-b4ac-4315-844e-69f9bef39ed1 --flavor 1 my_instance .. code-block:: console +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | 3vgzpLzChoac | | config_drive | | | created | 2015-08-27T03:02:27Z | | flavor | m1.tiny (1) | | hostId | | | id | 1553694c-d711-4954-9b20-84b8cb4598c6 | | image | fedora-20.x86_64 (a5604931-af06-4512-8046-d43aabf272d3) | | key_name | None | | name | my_instance | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] | | progress | 0 | | project_id | 9f0e4aa4fd3d4b0ea3184c0fe7a32210 | | properties | | | security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2015-08-27T03:02:28Z | | user_id | b3ce0cfc170641e98ff5e42b1be9c85a | +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ .. note:: For information about the default ports that the OpenStack components use, see `Firewalls and default ports `_ in the *OpenStack Configuration Reference*.