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+..
+ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
+ License.
+
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
+
+========================================
+Block Device Setup Level 1: Partitioning
+========================================
+
+During the creation of a disk image (e.g. for a VM), there is the need
+to create, setup, configure and afterwards detach some kind of storage
+where the newly installed OS can be copied to or directly installed
+in.
+
+Remark
+------
+
+The implementation for this proposed changed already exists, was
+discussed and is currently waiting for reviews [1]. To have a
+complete overview over the block device setup, this document is
+provided.
+The dependencies are not implemented as they should be, because
+* the spec process is currently in the phase of discussion and not
+ finalized [2],
+* the implementation was finished and reviewed before the spec process
+ was described. [1]
+
+Problem description
+===================
+
+When setting up a block device there is the need to partitioning the
+block device.
+
+Use Cases
+---------
+
+User (Actor: End User) wants to create multiple partitions in multiple
+block devices where the new system is installed in.
+
+The user wants to specify if the image should be optimized for speed
+or for size.
+
+The user wants the same behavior independently of the current host or
+target OS.
+
+Proposed change
+===============
+
+Move the partitioning functionality from
+`elements/vm/block-device.d/10-partition` to a new block_device
+python module: `level1/partitioning.py`.
+
+Instead of using a program or a library, the data is written directly
+with the help of python `file.write()` into the disk image.
+
+Alternatives
+------------
+
+The existing implementation uses the `parted` program (old versions of
+DIB were using `sfdisk`). The first implementations of this change
+used the python-parted library.
+
+All these approaches have a major drawback: they automatically
+*optimize* based on information collected on the host system - and not
+of the target system. Therefore the resulting partitioning layout may
+lead to a degradation of performance on the target system. A change
+in these external programs and libraries also lead to errors during a
+DIB run [4] or there are general issues [7].
+
+Also everything build around GNU parted falls under the GPL2 (not
+LGPL2) license - which is incompatible with the currently used Apache
+license in diskimage-builder.
+
+API impact
+----------
+
+Extends the (optional) environment variable
+``DIB_BLOCK_DEVICE_CONFIG``: a JSON structure to configure the
+(complete) block device setup. For this proposal the second entry in
+the original list will be used (the first part (as described in [5])
+is used by the level 0 modules).
+
+The name of this module is `partitioning` (element[0]). The value
+(element[1]) is a dictionary.
+
+For each disk that should be partitioned there exists one entry in the
+dictionary. The key is the name of the disk (see [5] how to specify
+names for block device level 0). The value is a dictionary that
+defines the partitioning of each disk.
+
+There are the following key / value pairs to define one disk:
+
+label
+ (mandatory) Possible values: 'mbr'
+ This uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) layout for the disk.
+ (Later on this can be extended, e.g. using GPT).
+
+align
+ (optional - default value '1MiB')
+ Set the alignment of the partition. This must be a multiple of the
+ block size (i.e. 512 bytes). The default of 1MiB (~ 2048 * 512
+ bytes blocks) is the default for modern systems and known to
+ perform well on a wide range of targets [6]. For each partition
+ there might be some space that is not used - which is `align` - 512
+ bytes. For the default of 1MiB exactly 1048064 bytes (= 1 MiB -
+ 512 byte) are not used in the partition itself. Please note that
+ if a boot loader should be written to the disk or partition,
+ there is a need for some space. E.g. grub needs 63 * 512 byte
+ blocks between the MBR and the start of the partition data; this
+ means when grub will be installed, the `align` must be set at least
+ to 64 * 512 byte = 32 KiB.
+
+partitions
+ (mandatory) A list of dictionaries. Each dictionary describes one
+ partition.
+
+The following key / value pairs can be given for each partition:
+
+name
+ (mandatory) The name of the partition. With the help of this name,
+ the partition can later be referenced, e.g. while creating a
+ file system.
+
+flags
+ (optional) List of flags for the partition. Default: empty.
+ Possible values:
+
+ boot
+ Sets the boot flag for the partition
+
+size
+ (mandatory) The size of the partition. The size can either be an
+ absolute number using units like `10GiB` or `1.75TB` or relative
+ (percentage) numbers: in the later case the size is calculated
+ based on the remaining free space.
+
+Example:
+
+::
+ ["partitioning",
+ {"rootdisk": {
+ "label": "mbr",
+ "partitions":
+ [{"name": "part-01",
+ "flags": ["boot"],
+ "size": "100%"}]}}]
+
+Security impact
+---------------
+
+None - functionality stays the same.
+
+Other end user impact
+---------------------
+
+None.
+
+Performance Impact
+------------------
+
+Measurements showed there is a performance degradation for the target
+system of the partition table is not correctly aligned: writing takes
+about three times longer on an incorrect aligned system vs. one that
+is correctly aligned.
+
+Implementation
+==============
+
+Assignee(s)
+-----------
+
+Primary assignee:
+ ansreas (andreas@florath.net)
+
+Work Items
+----------
+
+None - this is already a small part of a bigger change [1].
+
+Dependencies
+============
+
+None.
+
+Testing
+=======
+
+The refactoring introduces no new test cases: the functionality is
+tested during each existing test building VM images.
+
+Documentation Impact
+====================
+
+End user: the additional environment variable is described.
+
+References
+==========
+
+[1] Refactor: block-device handling (partitioning)
+ https://review.openstack.org/322671
+
+[2] Add specs dir
+ https://review.openstack.org/336109
+
+[3] Old implementation using parted-lib
+ https://review.openstack.org/#/c/322671/1..7/elements/block-device/pylib/block-device/level1/Partitioning.py
+
+[4] ERROR: embedding is not possible, but this is required
+ for cross-disk install
+ http://lists.openstack.org/pipermail/openstack-dev/2016-June/097789.html
+
+[5] Refactor: block-device handling (local loop)
+ https://review.openstack.org/319591
+
+[6] Proper alignment of partitions on an Advanced Format HDD using Parted
+ http://askubuntu.com/questions/201164/proper-alignment-of-partitions-on-an-advanced-format-hdd-using-parted
+
+[7] Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - Creating a 7TB Partition Using
+ parted Always Shows "The resulting partition is not properly
+ aligned for best performance"
+ http://h20564.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docId=emr_na-c03479326&DocLang=en&docLocale=en_US&jumpid=reg_r11944_uken_c-001_title_r0001
+
+[8] Spec for changing the block device handling
+ https://review.openstack.org/336946