Edits on ch_compute
Primarily improving markup, also folding some very long lines. The troubleshooting section was a duplicate of file ch_support-compute.xml. Renamed ch_support-compute.xml to a section and include it in ch_compute. Change-Id: I78ca9e79c4219390129138990fe6c4232ff8fbb4
This commit is contained in:
Andreas Jaeger
parent
dbed7abe79
commit
f14d4e02f6
@ -7,16 +7,19 @@
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version="5.0"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="ch_introduction-to-openstack-compute">
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xml:id="ch_introduction-to-openstack-compute">
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<title>Compute</title>
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<title>Compute</title>
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<para>Compute gives you a tool to orchestrate a cloud, including running instances, managing
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<para>Compute gives you a tool to orchestrate a cloud, including running
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networks, and controlling access to the cloud through users and projects. The underlying
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instances, managing networks, and controlling access to the
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open source project's name is Nova, and it provides the software that can control an
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cloud through users and projects. The underlying open source
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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud computing platform. It is similar in scope to
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project's name is Nova, and it provides the software that can
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Amazon EC2 and Rackspace Cloud Servers.</para>
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control an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud computing
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platform. It is similar in scope to Amazon EC2 and Rackspace
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Cloud Servers.</para>
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<section xml:id="section_compute-intro">
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<section xml:id="section_compute-intro">
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<title>Introduction to Compute</title>
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<title>Introduction to Compute</title>
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<para>Compute does not include any virtualization software; rather it defines drivers that
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<para>Compute does not include any virtualization software; rather it
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interact with underlying virtualization mechanisms that run on your host operating
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defines drivers that interact with underlying virtualization
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system, and exposes functionality over a web-based API.</para>
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mechanisms that run on your host operating system, and exposes
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functionality over a web-based API.</para>
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<section xml:id="section_hypervisors">
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<section xml:id="section_hypervisors">
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<title>Hypervisors</title>
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<title>Hypervisors</title>
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@ -80,15 +83,18 @@
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consumption across available hardware resources are for each tenant. <note>
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consumption across available hardware resources are for each tenant. <note>
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<para>Earlier versions of OpenStack used the term "project" instead of "tenant".
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<para>Earlier versions of OpenStack used the term "project" instead of "tenant".
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Because of this legacy terminology, some command-line tools use
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Because of this legacy terminology, some command-line tools use
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<literal>--project_id</literal> when a tenant ID is expected.</para>
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<parameter>--project_id</parameter> when a tenant ID is expected.</para>
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</note></para>
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</note></para>
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<para>While the original EC2 API supports users, OpenStack Compute adds the concept of tenants.
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<para>While the original EC2 API supports users, OpenStack
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Tenants are isolated resource containers forming the principal organizational structure
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Compute adds the concept of tenants. Tenants are isolated
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within the Compute service. They consist of a separate VLAN, volumes, instances, images,
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resource containers that form the principal organizational
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keys, and users. A user can specify which tenant he or she wishes to be known as by
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structure within the Compute service. They consist of a
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appending <literal>:project_id</literal> to his or her access key. If no tenant is
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separate VLAN, volumes, instances, images, keys, and
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specified in the API request, Compute attempts to use a tenant with the same ID as the
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users. A user can specify which tenant he or she wishes to
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user.</para>
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be known as by appending <literal>:project_id</literal> to
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his or her access key. If no tenant is specified in the
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API request, Compute attempts to use a tenant with the
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same ID as the user.</para>
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<para>For tenants, quota controls are available to limit the:<itemizedlist>
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<para>For tenants, quota controls are available to limit the:<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Number of volumes which may be created</para>
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<para>Number of volumes which may be created</para>
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@ -103,11 +109,17 @@
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<para>Number of processor cores which may be allocated</para>
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<para>Number of processor cores which may be allocated</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Floating IP addresses (assigned to any instance when it launches so the instance has the same publicly accessible IP addresses)</para>
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<para>Floating IP addresses (assigned to any
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instance when it launches so the instance has the
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same publicly accessible IP addresses)</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Fixed IP addresses (assigned to the same instance each time it boots, publicly or privately accessible, typically private for management purposes)</para></listitem>
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<para>Fixed IP addresses (assigned to the same
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</itemizedlist></para>
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instance each time it boots, publicly or privately
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accessible, typically private for management
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purposes)</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section><section xml:id="section_images-and-instances">
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</section><section xml:id="section_images-and-instances">
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<title>Images and instances</title>
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<title>Images and instances</title>
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@ -118,8 +130,8 @@
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implement a virtual system within that cloud. These configuration details as well as
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implement a virtual system within that cloud. These configuration details as well as
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the specific command line utilities and API calls to perform the actions described
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the specific command line utilities and API calls to perform the actions described
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are presented in <xref linkend="section_image-mgmt"/> and the
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are presented in <xref linkend="section_image-mgmt"/> and the
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volume-specific info in <citetitle>OpenStack Configuration
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volume-specific info in <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/"><citetitle>
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Reference</citetitle>.</para>
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OpenStack Configuration Reference</citetitle></link>.</para>
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<para>Images are disk images which are templates for virtual
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<para>Images are disk images which are templates for virtual
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machine file systems. The image service, Glance, is
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machine file systems. The image service, Glance, is
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@ -145,7 +157,8 @@
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<para>Additional resources such as persistent volume storage and
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<para>Additional resources such as persistent volume storage and
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public IP address may be added to and removed from running
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public IP address may be added to and removed from running
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instances. The examples below show the <systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> service
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instances. The examples below show the
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<systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> service
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which provide persistent block storage as opposed to the
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which provide persistent block storage as opposed to the
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ephemeral storage provided by the instance flavor.</para>
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ephemeral storage provided by the instance flavor.</para>
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@ -162,7 +175,8 @@
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images. In the cloud there is an available compute
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images. In the cloud there is an available compute
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node with available vCPU, memory and local disk
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node with available vCPU, memory and local disk
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resources. Plus there are a number of predefined
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resources. Plus there are a number of predefined
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volumes in the <systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> service.</para>
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volumes in the <systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem>
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service.</para>
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<figure xml:id="initial-instance-state-figure">
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<figure xml:id="initial-instance-state-figure">
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<title>Base image state with no running instances</title>
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<title>Base image state with no running instances</title>
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@ -182,8 +196,8 @@
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flavor provides a root volume (as all flavors do) labeled vda in
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flavor provides a root volume (as all flavors do) labeled vda in
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the diagram and additional ephemeral storage labeled vdb in the
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the diagram and additional ephemeral storage labeled vdb in the
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diagram. The user has also opted to map a volume from the
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diagram. The user has also opted to map a volume from the
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<systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> store to the third virtual disk, vdc, on this
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<systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> store to
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instance.</para>
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the third virtual disk, vdc, on this instance.</para>
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<figure xml:id="run-instance-state-figure">
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<figure xml:id="run-instance-state-figure">
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<title>Instance creation from image and run time state</title>
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<title>Instance creation from image and run time state</title>
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@ -193,30 +207,27 @@
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</imageobject>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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</figure>
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<para>The OpenStack system copies the base image from the image
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store to the local disk. The local disk is the first disk (vda)
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that the instance accesses. Using small images results in faster
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start up of your instances as less data is copied across the
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network. The system also creates a new empty disk image to
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present as the second disk (vdb). Be aware that the second disk
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is an empty disk with an ephemeral life as it is destroyed when
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you delete the instance. The compute node attaches to the
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requested <systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem>
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using iSCSI and maps this to the third disk (vdc) as
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requested. The vCPU and memory resources are provisioned and the
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instance is booted from the first drive. The instance runs and
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changes data on the disks indicated in red in the diagram
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<link linkend="run-instance-state-figure" />.</para>
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<para>The OpenStack system copies the base image from the
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<para>The details of this scenario can vary, particularly the
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image store to local disk, which is used as the first
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type of back-end storage and the network protocols that are used.
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disk of the instance (vda). Using small images
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One variant worth mentioning here is that the ephemeral storage
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results in faster start up of your instances as less
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used for volumes vda and vdb in this example may be backed by
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data needs to be copied across the network. The system
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network storage rather than local disk. The details are left for
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also creates a new empty disk image to present as the
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later chapters.</para>
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second disk (vdb). Be aware that the second disk is an
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empty disk with an ephemeral life as it is destroyed
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when you delete the instance. The compute node
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attaches to the requested <systemitem class="service">cinder-volume</systemitem> using iSCSI and
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maps this to the third disk (vdc) as requested. The
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vCPU and memory resources are provisioned and the
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instance is booted from the first drive. The instance
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runs and changes data on the disks indicated in red in
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the diagram.</para>
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<para>There are many possible variations in the details of the
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scenario, particularly in terms of what the backing storage is
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and the network protocols used to attach and move storage. One
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variant worth mentioning here is that the ephemeral storage used
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for volumes vda and vdb in this example may be backed by network
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storage rather than local disk. The details are left for later
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chapters.</para>
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</simplesect>
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</simplesect>
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@ -282,22 +293,22 @@
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instance it is associated with is terminated. Rebooting the
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instance it is associated with is terminated. Rebooting the
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VM or restarting the host server, however, does not destroy
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VM or restarting the host server, however, does not destroy
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ephemeral data. In the typical use case an instance's root
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ephemeral data. In the typical use case an instance's root
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filesystem is stored on ephemeral storage. This is often an
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file system is stored on ephemeral storage. This is often an
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unpleasant surprise for people unfamiliar with the cloud model
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unpleasant surprise for people unfamiliar with the cloud model
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of computing.</para>
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of computing.</para>
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<para>In addition to the ephemeral root volume all flavors
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<para>In addition to the ephemeral root volume, all flavors
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except the smallest, m1.tiny, provide an additional ephemeral
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except the smallest, m1.tiny, provide an additional ephemeral
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block device varying from 20G for the m1.small through 160G
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block device whose size ranges from 20 GB for m1.small to 160
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for the m1.xlarge by default - these sizes are configurable.
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GB for m1.xlarge. You can configure these sizes. This is
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This is presented as a raw block device with no partition
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presented as a raw block device with no partition table or
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table or filesystem. Cloud aware operating system images may
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file system. Cloud aware operating system images may discover,
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discover, format, and mount this device. For example the
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format, and mount this device. For example the cloud-init
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cloud-init package included in Ubuntu's stock cloud images
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package included in Ubuntu's stock cloud images format this
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format this space as an ext3 filesystem and mount it on
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space as an ext3 file system and mount it on
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/mnt. It is important to note this a feature of the guest
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<filename>/mnt</filename>. It is important to note this a
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operating system. OpenStack only provisions the raw
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feature of the guest operating system. OpenStack only
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storage.</para>
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provisions the raw storage.</para>
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</simplesect>
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</simplesect>
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@ -310,7 +321,7 @@
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size.</para>
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size.</para>
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<para>When first created volumes are raw block devices with no
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<para>When first created volumes are raw block devices with no
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partition table and no filesystem. They must be attached to
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partition table and no file system. They must be attached to
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an instance to be partitioned and/or formatted. Once this is
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an instance to be partitioned and/or formatted. Once this is
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done they may be used much like an external disk drive.
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done they may be used much like an external disk drive.
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Volumes may attached to only one instance at a time, but may
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Volumes may attached to only one instance at a time, but may
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@ -321,13 +332,16 @@
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traditional non-cloud based virtualization systems. In
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traditional non-cloud based virtualization systems. In
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this use case the resulting instance may still have
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this use case the resulting instance may still have
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ephemeral storage depending on the flavor selected,
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ephemeral storage depending on the flavor selected,
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but the root filesystem (and possibly others) is
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but the root file system (and possibly others) is
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on the persistent volume and its state is
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on the persistent volume and its state is
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maintained even if the instance it shut down. Details
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maintained even if the instance it shut down. Details
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of this configuration are discussed in the <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/index.html"><citetitle>OpenStack End User Guide</citetitle></link>.</para>
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of this configuration are discussed in the
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<link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/index.html">
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<citetitle>OpenStack End User Guide</citetitle></link>.
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</para>
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<para>Volumes do not provide concurrent access from multiple
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<para>Volumes do not provide concurrent access from multiple
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instances. For that you need either a traditional network
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instances. For that you need either a traditional network
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filesystem like NFS or CIFS or a cluster filesystem such as
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file system like NFS or CIFS or a cluster file system such as
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GlusterFS. These may be built within an OpenStack cluster or
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GlusterFS. These may be built within an OpenStack cluster or
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provisioned outside of it, but are not features provided by
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provisioned outside of it, but are not features provided by
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the OpenStack software.</para>
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the OpenStack software.</para>
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@ -357,8 +371,8 @@
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Filesystem - The default backend that OpenStack
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<para>Filesystem - The default backend that OpenStack
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Image Service uses to store virtual machine images is
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Image Service uses to store virtual machine images is
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the filesystem backend. This simple backend writes
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the file system backend. This simple backend writes
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image files to the local filesystem.</para>
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image files to the local file system.</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>S3 - This backend allows OpenStack Image Service to
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<para>S3 - This backend allows OpenStack Image Service to
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@ -426,27 +440,27 @@
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<application>nova</application> CLI needs to know
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<application>nova</application> CLI needs to know
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four things:</para>
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four things:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Authentication URL</literal>: This can be passed as
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<para><literal>Authentication URL</literal>: This can be passed as
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the --os_auth_url flag or using the
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the <parameter>--os_auth_url</parameter> flag or using the
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OS_AUTH_URL environment variable.</para>
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OS_AUTH_URL environment variable.</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Tenant (sometimes referred to as project)
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<para><literal>Tenant (sometimes referred to as project)
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name</literal>: This can be passed as the
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name</literal>: This can be passed as the
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--os_tenant_name flag or using the
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<parameter>--os_tenant_name</parameter> flag or using the
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OS_TENANT_NAME environment variable.</para>
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OS_TENANT_NAME environment variable.</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>User name</literal>: This can be passed as the
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<para><literal>User name</literal>: This can be passed as the
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--os_username flag or using the OS_USERNAME
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<parameter>--os_username</parameter> flag or using the OS_USERNAME
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environment variable.</para>
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environment variable.</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Password</literal>: This can be passed as the
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<para><literal>Password</literal>: This can be passed as the
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--os_password flag or using the OS_PASSWORD
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<parameter>--os_password</parameter> flag or using the OS_PASSWORD
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environment variable.</para>
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environment variable.</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>For example if you have your Identity Service
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<para>For example if you have your Identity Service
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@ -484,14 +498,17 @@
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<simplesect xml:id="instance-mgmt-novaapi">
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<simplesect xml:id="instance-mgmt-novaapi">
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<title>Compute API</title>
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<title>Compute API</title>
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<para>OpenStack provides a RESTful API for all
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<para>OpenStack provides a RESTful API for all
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functionality. Complete API documentation is available
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functionality. Complete API documentation is
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at http://docs.openstack.org/api. The <link
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available at <link
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xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/api/openstack-compute/2"
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xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/api">http://docs.openstack.org/api</link>.
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>OpenStack Compute API</link> documentation refers
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The <link
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to instances as "servers".</para>
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xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/api/openstack-compute/2"
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>OpenStack Compute API</link> documentation
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refers to instances as "servers".</para>
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<para>The <link linkend="instance-mgmt-novaclient">nova
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<para>The <link linkend="instance-mgmt-novaclient">nova
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cli</link> can be made to show the API calls it is
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cli</link> can be made to show the API calls it is
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making by passing it the --debug flag
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making by passing it the
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<parameter>--debug</parameter> flag
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>nova --debug list</userinput>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>nova --debug list</userinput>
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<computeroutput>connect: (10.0.0.15, 5000)
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<computeroutput>connect: (10.0.0.15, 5000)
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send: 'POST /v2.0/tokens HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 10.0.0.15:5000\r\nContent-Length: 116\r\ncontent-type: application/json\r\naccept-encoding: gzip, deflate\r\naccept: application/json\r\nuser-agent: python-novaclient\r\n\r\n{"auth": {"tenantName": "demoproject", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "demouser", "password": "demopassword"}}}'
|
send: 'POST /v2.0/tokens HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 10.0.0.15:5000\r\nContent-Length: 116\r\ncontent-type: application/json\r\naccept-encoding: gzip, deflate\r\naccept: application/json\r\nuser-agent: python-novaclient\r\n\r\n{"auth": {"tenantName": "demoproject", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "demouser", "password": "demopassword"}}}'
|
||||||
@ -510,8 +527,8 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
+----+------+--------+----------+
|
+----+------+--------+----------+
|
||||||
| ID | Name | Status | Networks |
|
| ID | Name | Status | Networks |
|
||||||
+----+------+--------+----------+
|
+----+------+--------+----------+
|
||||||
+----+------+--------+----------+</computeroutput></screen></para>
|
+----+------+--------+----------+</computeroutput></screen>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
</simplesect>
|
</simplesect>
|
||||||
<simplesect xml:id="instance-mgmt-ec2compat">
|
<simplesect xml:id="instance-mgmt-ec2compat">
|
||||||
<title>EC2 Compatibility API</title>
|
<title>EC2 Compatibility API</title>
|
||||||
@ -743,22 +760,27 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
<title>Networking options</title>
|
<title>Networking options</title>
|
||||||
<para>This section offers a brief overview of each concept in
|
<para>This section offers a brief overview of each concept in
|
||||||
networking for Compute. With the Grizzly release, you can
|
networking for Compute. With the Grizzly release, you can
|
||||||
choose to either install and configure nova-network for
|
choose to either install and configure <systemitem
|
||||||
networking between VMs or use the Networking service
|
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> for networking
|
||||||
(neutron) for networking. To configure Compute networking
|
between VMs or use the Networking service (neutron) for
|
||||||
options with Neutron, see <link
|
networking. To configure Compute networking options with
|
||||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-network/admin/content/"
|
Neutron, see <link
|
||||||
>Network Administration Guide</link>.</para>
|
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-network/admin/content/"
|
||||||
|
>Network Administration Guide</link>.</para>
|
||||||
<para>For each VM instance, Compute assigns to it a private IP
|
<para>For each VM instance, Compute assigns to it a private IP
|
||||||
address. (Currently, Compute with nova-network only
|
address. (Currently, Compute with <systemitem
|
||||||
|
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> only
|
||||||
supports Linux bridge networking that allows the virtual
|
supports Linux bridge networking that allows the virtual
|
||||||
interfaces to connect to the outside network through the
|
interfaces to connect to the outside network through the
|
||||||
physical interface.)</para>
|
physical interface.)</para>
|
||||||
<para>The network controller with nova-network provides
|
<para>The network controller with <systemitem
|
||||||
|
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> provides
|
||||||
virtual networks to enable compute servers to interact
|
virtual networks to enable compute servers to interact
|
||||||
with each other and with the public network.</para>
|
with each other and with the public network.</para>
|
||||||
<para>Currently, Compute with nova-network supports three
|
<para>Currently, Compute with <systemitem
|
||||||
kinds of networks, implemented in three “Network Manager” types:<itemizedlist>
|
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> supports these
|
||||||
|
kinds of networks, implemented in different “Network Manager” types:
|
||||||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>Flat Network Manager</para>
|
<para>Flat Network Manager</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
@ -837,7 +859,7 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
administrator may create the Linux networking bridge
|
administrator may create the Linux networking bridge
|
||||||
(typically named <literal>br100</literal>, although this
|
(typically named <literal>br100</literal>, although this
|
||||||
configurable) on the systems running the
|
configurable) on the systems running the
|
||||||
<literal>nova-network</literal> service. All instances
|
<systemitem class="service">nova-network</systemitem> service. All instances
|
||||||
of the system are attached to the same bridge, configured
|
of the system are attached to the same bridge, configured
|
||||||
manually by the network administrator.</para>
|
manually by the network administrator.</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
@ -858,7 +880,7 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
bridge on the compute node. In addition a DHCP server is
|
bridge on the compute node. In addition a DHCP server is
|
||||||
running to configure instances (depending on
|
running to configure instances (depending on
|
||||||
single-/multi-host mode, alongside each
|
single-/multi-host mode, alongside each
|
||||||
<literal>nova-network</literal>). In this mode,
|
<systemitem class="service">nova-network</systemitem>). In this mode,
|
||||||
Compute does a bit more configuration in that it attempts
|
Compute does a bit more configuration in that it attempts
|
||||||
to bridge into an ethernet device
|
to bridge into an ethernet device
|
||||||
(<literal>flat_interface</literal>, eth0 by default).
|
(<literal>flat_interface</literal>, eth0 by default).
|
||||||
@ -866,7 +888,8 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
listening on this bridge, usually on IP address 10.0.0.1
|
listening on this bridge, usually on IP address 10.0.0.1
|
||||||
(see <link linkend="section_dnsmasq">DHCP server: dnsmasq</link>).
|
(see <link linkend="section_dnsmasq">DHCP server: dnsmasq</link>).
|
||||||
For every instance, nova allocates a fixed IP address
|
For every instance, nova allocates a fixed IP address
|
||||||
and configure dnsmasq with the MAC/IP pair for the VM. For example, dnsmasq doesn't take part in the IP address
|
and configure dnsmasq with the MAC/IP pair for the VM. For example,
|
||||||
|
dnsmasq doesn't take part in the IP address
|
||||||
allocation process, it only hands out IPs according to the
|
allocation process, it only hands out IPs according to the
|
||||||
mapping done by nova. Instances receive their fixed IPs by
|
mapping done by nova. Instances receive their fixed IPs by
|
||||||
doing a dhcpdiscover. These IPs are <emphasis
|
doing a dhcpdiscover. These IPs are <emphasis
|
||||||
@ -944,8 +967,11 @@ header: Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2012 20:27:36 GMT
|
|||||||
<para>The behavior of dnsmasq can be customized by creating a dnsmasq configuration file.
|
<para>The behavior of dnsmasq can be customized by creating a dnsmasq configuration file.
|
||||||
Specify the config file using the <literal>dnsmasq_config_file</literal>
|
Specify the config file using the <literal>dnsmasq_config_file</literal>
|
||||||
configuration option. For
|
configuration option. For
|
||||||
example:<programlisting>dnsmasq_config_file=/etc/dnsmasq-nova.conf</programlisting>See
|
example:
|
||||||
the <citetitle>OpenStack Configuration Reference</citetitle> for an example of how
|
<programlisting>dnsmasq_config_file=/etc/dnsmasq-nova.conf</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
See the <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/"><citetitle>
|
||||||
|
OpenStack Configuration Reference</citetitle></link>
|
||||||
|
for an example of how
|
||||||
to change the behavior of dnsmasq using a dnsmasq configuration file. The dnsmasq
|
to change the behavior of dnsmasq using a dnsmasq configuration file. The dnsmasq
|
||||||
documentation has a more comprehensive <link
|
documentation has a more comprehensive <link
|
||||||
xlink:href="http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq.conf.example"
|
xlink:href="http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq.conf.example"
|
||||||
@ -1433,11 +1459,12 @@ net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=0</programlisting>
|
|||||||
requests and sends them to the rest of the system. It
|
requests and sends them to the rest of the system. It
|
||||||
is a wsgi app that routes and authenticate requests.
|
is a wsgi app that routes and authenticate requests.
|
||||||
It supports the EC2 and OpenStack APIs. There is a
|
It supports the EC2 and OpenStack APIs. There is a
|
||||||
nova-api.conf file created when you install
|
<filename>nova-api.conf</filename> file created when you install
|
||||||
Compute.</para>
|
Compute.</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para><systemitem class="service">nova-objectstore</systemitem>: The <systemitem class="service">nova-objectstore</systemitem> service is an ultra simple file-based
|
<para><systemitem class="service">nova-objectstore</systemitem>: The
|
||||||
|
<systemitem class="service">nova-objectstore</systemitem> service is an ultra simple file-based
|
||||||
storage system for images that replicates most of the S3 API. It can be replaced
|
storage system for images that replicates most of the S3 API. It can be replaced
|
||||||
with OpenStack Image Service and a simple image manager or use OpenStack Object
|
with OpenStack Image Service and a simple image manager or use OpenStack Object
|
||||||
Storage as the virtual machine image storage facility. It must reside on the same
|
Storage as the virtual machine image storage facility. It must reside on the same
|
||||||
@ -1896,27 +1923,27 @@ HostC p2 5 10240 150
|
|||||||
</procedure>
|
</procedure>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_nova-compute-node-down">
|
<section xml:id="section_nova-compute-node-down">
|
||||||
<title>Recover from a failed compute node</title>
|
<title>Recover from a failed compute node</title>
|
||||||
<para>If you have deployed OpenStack Compute with a shared filesystem,
|
<para>If you have deployed OpenStack Compute with a shared file system,
|
||||||
you can quickly recover from a failed compute node.</para>
|
you can quickly recover from a failed compute node.</para>
|
||||||
<section xml:id="nova-compute-node-down-manual-recovery">
|
<section xml:id="nova-compute-node-down-manual-recovery">
|
||||||
<title>Manual recovery</title>
|
<title>Manual recovery</title>
|
||||||
<para>For KVM/libvirt compute node recovery refer to section above, while the guide below may be applicable for other hypervisors.</para>
|
<para>For KVM/libvirt compute node recovery refer to section above, while the guide below may be applicable for other hypervisors.</para>
|
||||||
<procedure>
|
<procedure>
|
||||||
<title>To work with host information</title>
|
<title>To work with host information</title>
|
||||||
<step><para>Identify the vms on the affected hosts, using tools such as
|
<step><para>Identify the vms on the affected hosts, using tools such as
|
||||||
a combination of <literal>nova list</literal> and <literal>nova show</literal> or
|
a combination of <literal>nova list</literal> and <literal>nova show</literal> or
|
||||||
<literal>euca-describe-instances</literal>. Here's an example using the EC2 API
|
<literal>euca-describe-instances</literal>. Here's an example using the EC2 API
|
||||||
- instance i-000015b9 that is running on node np-rcc54:</para>
|
- instance i-000015b9 that is running on node np-rcc54:</para>
|
||||||
<programlisting>i-000015b9 at3-ui02 running nectarkey (376, np-rcc54) 0 m1.xxlarge 2012-06-19T00:48:11.000Z 115.146.93.60</programlisting></step>
|
<programlisting>i-000015b9 at3-ui02 running nectarkey (376, np-rcc54) 0 m1.xxlarge 2012-06-19T00:48:11.000Z 115.146.93.60</programlisting></step>
|
||||||
<step><para>You can review the status of the host by
|
<step><para>You can review the status of the host by
|
||||||
using the nova database. Some of the important
|
using the nova database. Some of the important
|
||||||
information is highlighted below. This example
|
information is highlighted below. This example
|
||||||
converts an EC2 API instance ID into an OpenStack
|
converts an EC2 API instance ID into an OpenStack
|
||||||
ID - if you used the <literal>nova</literal>
|
ID - if you used the <literal>nova</literal>
|
||||||
commands, you can substitute the ID directly. You
|
commands, you can substitute the ID directly. You
|
||||||
can find the credentials for your database in
|
can find the credentials for your database in
|
||||||
<literal>/etc/nova.conf</literal>.</para>
|
<filename>/etc/nova.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||||||
<programlisting>SELECT * FROM instances WHERE id = CONV('15b9', 16, 10) \G;
|
<programlisting>SELECT * FROM instances WHERE id = CONV('15b9', 16, 10) \G;
|
||||||
*************************** 1. row ***************************
|
*************************** 1. row ***************************
|
||||||
created_at: 2012-06-19 00:48:11
|
created_at: 2012-06-19 00:48:11
|
||||||
@ -1935,7 +1962,7 @@ HostC p2 5 10240 150
|
|||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
task_state: NULL
|
task_state: NULL
|
||||||
...</programlisting></step>
|
...</programlisting></step>
|
||||||
</procedure>
|
</procedure>
|
||||||
<procedure>
|
<procedure>
|
||||||
<title>To recover the VM</title>
|
<title>To recover the VM</title>
|
||||||
<step> <para>Armed with the information of VMs on the failed
|
<step> <para>Armed with the information of VMs on the failed
|
||||||
@ -1970,7 +1997,7 @@ HostC p2 5 10240 150
|
|||||||
<section xml:id="section_nova-uid-mismatch">
|
<section xml:id="section_nova-uid-mismatch">
|
||||||
<title>Recover from a UID/GID mismatch</title>
|
<title>Recover from a UID/GID mismatch</title>
|
||||||
<para>When running OpenStack compute, using a shared
|
<para>When running OpenStack compute, using a shared
|
||||||
filesystem or an automated configuration tool, you could
|
file system or an automated configuration tool, you could
|
||||||
encounter a situation where some files on your compute
|
encounter a situation where some files on your compute
|
||||||
node are using the wrong UID or GID. This causes a raft of
|
node are using the wrong UID or GID. This causes a raft of
|
||||||
errors, such as being unable to live migrate, or start
|
errors, such as being unable to live migrate, or start
|
||||||
@ -1985,29 +2012,33 @@ HostC p2 5 10240 150
|
|||||||
user/group.</para>
|
user/group.</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Set the nova uid in /etc/passwd to the same
|
<para>Set the nova uid in
|
||||||
number in all hosts (for example, 112).</para>
|
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> to the same
|
||||||
|
number in all hosts (for example, 112).</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Set the libvirt-qemu uid in /etc/passwd to
|
<para>Set the libvirt-qemu uid in
|
||||||
the same number in all hosts (for example, 119).</para>
|
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> to the same number
|
||||||
|
in all hosts (for example, 119).</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Set the nova group in /etc/group file to the
|
<para>Set the nova group in
|
||||||
same number in all hosts (for example, 120).</para>
|
<filename>/etc/group</filename> file to the same
|
||||||
|
number in all hosts (for example, 120).</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Set the libvirtd group in /etc/group file to
|
<para>Set the libvirtd group in
|
||||||
the same number in all hosts (for example, 119).</para>
|
<filename>/etc/group</filename> file to the same
|
||||||
|
number in all hosts (for example, 119).</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Stop the services on the compute node.</para>
|
<para>Stop the services on the compute node.</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Change all the files owned by nova or group
|
<para>Change all the files owned by user nova or
|
||||||
by nova. For example:</para>
|
by group nova. For example:</para>
|
||||||
<programlisting>find / -uid 108 -exec chown nova {} \; # note the 108 here is the old nova uid before the change
|
<programlisting>find / -uid 108 -exec chown nova {} \; # note the 108 here is the old nova uid before the change
|
||||||
find / -gid 120 -exec chgrp nova {} \; </programlisting>
|
find / -gid 120 -exec chgrp nova {} \;</programlisting>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Repeat the steps for the libvirt-qemu owned
|
<para>Repeat the steps for the libvirt-qemu owned
|
||||||
@ -2051,7 +2082,8 @@ find / -gid 120 -exec chgrp nova {} \; </programlisting>
|
|||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>A Storage Area Network used by
|
<para>A Storage Area Network used by
|
||||||
cinder-volumes (aka SAN)</para>
|
<systemitem class="service">cinder-volumes</systemitem>
|
||||||
|
(aka SAN)</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</orderedlist><para>The disaster example is the worst
|
</orderedlist><para>The disaster example is the worst
|
||||||
one: a power loss. That power loss applies to the
|
one: a power loss. That power loss applies to the
|
||||||
@ -2328,120 +2360,6 @@ done < $volumes_tmp_file</programlisting>
|
|||||||
close ALL sessions</emphasis>.</para>
|
close ALL sessions</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||||
</simplesect>
|
</simplesect>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_compute-troubleshoot">
|
<xi:include href="../common/section_support-compute.xml"/>
|
||||||
<title>Troubleshoot Compute</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>Common problems for Compute typically involve misconfigured networking or credentials that are not sourced properly in the environment. Also, most flat networking configurations do not enable ping or ssh from a compute node to the instances running on that node. Another common problem is trying to run 32-bit images on a 64-bit compute node. This section offers more information about how to troubleshoot Compute.</para>
|
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_log-files-for-openstack-compute"><title>Log files for OpenStack Compute</title><para>Log files are stored in /var/log/nova and there is a log file for each
|
|
||||||
service, for example nova-compute.log. You can format the log
|
|
||||||
strings using options for the nova.log module. The options used to
|
|
||||||
set format strings are: logging_context_format_string and
|
|
||||||
logging_default_format_string. If the log level is set to debug, you
|
|
||||||
can also specify logging_debug_format_suffix to append extra
|
|
||||||
formatting. For information about what variables are available for
|
|
||||||
the formatter see:
|
|
||||||
http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#formatter.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>You have two options for logging for OpenStack Compute based on configuration
|
|
||||||
settings. In nova.conf, include the logfile option to enable logging. Alternatively
|
|
||||||
you can set use_syslog=1, and then the nova daemon logs to syslog.</para></section>
|
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_common-errors-and-fixes-for-openstack-compute">
|
|
||||||
<title>Common Compute errors and fixes</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>The ask.openstack.org site offers a place to ask and
|
|
||||||
answer questions, and you can also mark questions as
|
|
||||||
frequently asked questions. This section describes some
|
|
||||||
errors people have posted previously. We
|
|
||||||
are constantly fixing bugs, so online resources are a
|
|
||||||
great way to get the most up-to-date errors and
|
|
||||||
fixes.</para>
|
|
||||||
<simplesect>
|
|
||||||
<title>Credential errors, 401, 403 forbidden errors</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>A 403 forbidden error is caused by missing credentials.
|
|
||||||
Through current installation methods, there are basically
|
|
||||||
two ways to get the novarc file. The manual method
|
|
||||||
requires getting it from within a project zipfile, and the
|
|
||||||
scripted method just generates novarc out of the project
|
|
||||||
zip file and sources it for you. If you do the manual
|
|
||||||
method through a zip file, then the following novarc
|
|
||||||
alone, you end up losing the creds that are tied to the
|
|
||||||
user you created with nova-manage in the steps
|
|
||||||
before.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>When you run <systemitem class="service">nova-api</systemitem> the first time, it generates the
|
|
||||||
certificate authority information, including openssl.cnf.
|
|
||||||
If it gets started out of order, you may not be able to
|
|
||||||
create your zip file. Once your CA information is
|
|
||||||
available, you should be able to go back to nova-manage to
|
|
||||||
create your zipfile.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>You may also need to check your proxy settings to see if
|
|
||||||
they are causing problems with the novarc creation.</para>
|
|
||||||
</simplesect>
|
|
||||||
<simplesect><title>Instance errors</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>Sometimes a particular instance shows "pending" or you
|
|
||||||
cannot SSH to it. Sometimes the image itself is the
|
|
||||||
problem. For example, when using flat manager networking,
|
|
||||||
you do not have a dhcp server, and an ami-tiny image
|
|
||||||
doesn't support interface injection so you cannot connect
|
|
||||||
to it. The fix for this type of problem is to use an
|
|
||||||
Ubuntu image, which should obtain an IP address correctly
|
|
||||||
with FlatManager network settings. To troubleshoot other
|
|
||||||
possible problems with an instance, such as one that stays
|
|
||||||
in a spawning state, first check your instances directory
|
|
||||||
for i-ze0bnh1q dir to make sure it has the following
|
|
||||||
files:</para>
|
|
||||||
<itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>libvirt.xml</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>disk</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>disk-raw</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>kernel</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>ramdisk</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>console.log (Once the instance actually starts
|
|
||||||
you should see a console.log.)</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
<para>Check the file sizes to see if they are reasonable. If
|
|
||||||
any are missing/zero/very small then <systemitem class="service">nova-compute</systemitem> has
|
|
||||||
somehow not completed download of the images from
|
|
||||||
objectstore.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>Also check nova-compute.log for exceptions. Sometimes
|
|
||||||
they don't show up in the console output.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>Next, check the /var/log/libvirt/qemu/i-ze0bnh1q.log
|
|
||||||
file to see if it exists and has any useful error messages
|
|
||||||
in it.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>Finally, from the instances/i-ze0bnh1q directory, try
|
|
||||||
<code>virsh create libvirt.xml</code> and see if you
|
|
||||||
get an error there.</para>
|
|
||||||
</simplesect>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_reset-state">
|
|
||||||
<title>Manually reset the state of an instance</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>If an instance gets stuck in an intermediate state (e.g., "deleting"), you can
|
|
||||||
manually reset the state of an instance using the <command>nova
|
|
||||||
reset-state</command> command. This will reset it to an error state, which you
|
|
||||||
can then delete. For
|
|
||||||
example:<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova reset-state c6bbbf26-b40a-47e7-8d5c-eb17bf65c485</userinput>
|
|
||||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova delete c6bbbf26-b40a-47e7-8d5c-eb17bf65c485</userinput></screen></para>
|
|
||||||
<para>You can also use the <literal>--active</literal> to force the instance back into
|
|
||||||
an active state instead of an error state, for example:<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova reset-state --active c6bbbf26-b40a-47e7-8d5c-eb17bf65c485</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
<section xml:id="section_problems-with-injection">
|
|
||||||
<title>Problems with injection</title>
|
|
||||||
<para>If you are diagnosing problems with instances not booting,
|
|
||||||
or booting slowly, consider investigating file injection as a
|
|
||||||
cause. Setting <literal>libvirt_injection_partition</literal>
|
|
||||||
to -2 disables injection in libvirt. This can be required if you want to make user
|
|
||||||
specified files available from the metadata server (and config drive is not enabled),
|
|
||||||
for performance reasons, and also to avoid boot failure if injection itself fails.</para>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
</chapter>
|
</chapter>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="troubleshooting-openstack-compute">
|
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="section-troubleshooting-openstack-compute">
|
||||||
<title>Troubleshooting OpenStack Compute</title>
|
<title>Troubleshooting OpenStack Compute</title>
|
||||||
<para>Common problems for Compute typically involve misconfigured networking or credentials that are not sourced properly in the environment. Also, most flat networking configurations do not enable ping or ssh from a compute node to the instances running on that node. Another common problem is trying to run 32-bit images on a 64-bit compute node. This section offers more information about how to troubleshoot Compute.</para>
|
<para>Common problems for Compute typically involve misconfigured networking or credentials that are not sourced properly in the environment. Also, most flat networking configurations do not enable ping or ssh from a compute node to the instances running on that node. Another common problem is trying to run 32-bit images on a 64-bit compute node. This section offers more information about how to troubleshoot Compute.</para>
|
||||||
<section xml:id="log-files-for-openstack-compute"><title>Log files for OpenStack Compute</title>
|
<section xml:id="log-files-for-openstack-compute"><title>Log files for OpenStack Compute</title>
|
||||||
<para>Log files are stored in <filename>/var/log/nova</filename> and
|
|
||||||
there is a log file for each service, for example
|
<para>Compute stores a log file for each service in
|
||||||
<filename>nova-compute.log</filename>. You can format the log
|
<filename>/var/log/nova</filename>. For example,
|
||||||
strings using options for the nova.log module. The options used to
|
<filename>nova-compute.log</filename> is the log for the
|
||||||
set format strings are: logging_context_format_string and
|
<systemitem class="service">nova-compute</systemitem>
|
||||||
logging_default_format_string. If the log level is set to debug, you
|
service. You can set the following options to format log
|
||||||
can also specify logging_debug_format_suffix to append extra
|
strings for the nova.log module in
|
||||||
formatting. For information about what variables are available for
|
<filename>nova.conf</filename>:
|
||||||
the formatter see:
|
<itemizedlist>
|
||||||
http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#formatter.</para>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para><literal>logging_context_format_string</literal></para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para><literal>logging_default_format_string</literal></para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
||||||
|
If the log level is set to <literal>debug</literal>, you can
|
||||||
|
also specify <literal>logging_debug_format_suffix</literal>
|
||||||
|
to append extra formatting. For information about what
|
||||||
|
variables are available for the formatter see:
|
||||||
|
<link xlink:href="http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#formatter">http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#formatter</link>.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>You have two options for logging for OpenStack Compute based on configuration
|
<para>You have two options for logging for OpenStack Compute based on configuration
|
||||||
settings. In <filename>nova.conf</filename>, include the <literal>logfile</literal> option to enable logging. Alternatively
|
settings. In <filename>nova.conf</filename>, include the
|
||||||
you can set <literal>use_syslog=1</literal>, and then the nova daemon logs to syslog.</para></section>
|
<literal>logfile</literal> option to enable logging. Alternatively
|
||||||
|
you can set <literal>use_syslog=1</literal>, and then the nova
|
||||||
|
daemon logs to syslog.</para>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<section xml:id="common-errors-and-fixes-for-openstack-compute">
|
<section xml:id="common-errors-and-fixes-for-openstack-compute">
|
||||||
<title>Common Errors and Fixes for OpenStack Compute</title>
|
<title>Common Errors and Fixes for OpenStack Compute</title>
|
||||||
<para>The ask.openstack.org site offers a place to ask and
|
<para>The ask.openstack.org site offers a place to ask and
|
||||||
@ -120,4 +136,4 @@
|
|||||||
specified files available from the metadata server (and config drive is not enabled),
|
specified files available from the metadata server (and config drive is not enabled),
|
||||||
for performance reasons, and also to avoid boot failure if injection itself fails.</para>
|
for performance reasons, and also to avoid boot failure if injection itself fails.</para>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
</chapter>
|
</section>
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user