Networking Option 2: Self-service networks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Install and configure the Networking components on the *controller* node. Install the components ---------------------- .. only:: ubuntu .. code-block:: console # apt-get install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 \ neutron-plugin-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent \ neutron-metadata-agent python-neutronclient conntrack .. only:: rdo .. code-block:: console # yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 \ openstack-neutron-linuxbridge python-neutronclient ebtables ipset .. only:: obs .. code-block:: console # zypper install --no-recommends openstack-neutron \ openstack-neutron-server openstack-neutron-linuxbridge-agent \ openstack-neutron-l3-agent openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent \ openstack-neutron-metadata-agent ipset .. only:: debian Install and configure the Networking components ----------------------------------------------- #. .. code-block:: console # apt-get install neutron-server neutron-plugin-linuxbridge-agent \ neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent For networking option 2, also install the ``neutron-l3-agent`` package. #. Respond to prompts for `database management <#debconf-dbconfig-common>`__, `Identity service credentials <#debconf-keystone_authtoken>`__, `service endpoint registration <#debconf-api-endpoints>`__, and `message queue credentials <#debconf-rabbitmq>`__. #. Select the ML2 plug-in: .. image:: figures/debconf-screenshots/neutron_1_plugin_selection.png .. note:: Selecting the ML2 plug-in also populates the ``service_plugins`` and ``allow_overlapping_ips`` options in the ``/etc/neutron/neutron.conf`` file with the appropriate values. .. only:: ubuntu or rdo or obs Configure the server component ------------------------------ * Edit the ``/etc/neutron/neutron.conf`` file and complete the following actions: * In the ``[database]`` section, configure database access: .. code-block:: ini [database] ... connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron Replace ``NEUTRON_DBPASS`` with the password you chose for the database. * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` section, enable the Modular Layer 2 (ML2) plug-in, router service, and overlapping IP addresses: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = True * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` and ``[oslo_messaging_rabbit]`` sections, configure RabbitMQ message queue access: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... rpc_backend = rabbit [oslo_messaging_rabbit] ... rabbit_host = controller rabbit_userid = openstack rabbit_password = RABBIT_PASS Replace ``RABBIT_PASS`` with the password you chose for the ``openstack`` account in RabbitMQ. * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` and ``[keystone_authtoken]`` sections, configure Identity service access: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken] ... auth_uri = http://controller:5000 auth_url = http://controller:35357 memcached_servers = controller:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_id = default user_domain_id = default project_name = service username = neutron password = NEUTRON_PASS Replace ``NEUTRON_PASS`` with the password you chose for the ``neutron`` user in the Identity service. .. note:: Comment out or remove any other options in the ``[keystone_authtoken]`` section. * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` and ``[nova]`` sections, configure Networking to notify Compute of network topology changes: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = True notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = True nova_url = http://controller:8774/v2 [nova] ... auth_url = http://controller:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_id = default user_domain_id = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = nova password = NOVA_PASS Replace ``NOVA_PASS`` with the password you chose for the ``nova`` user in the Identity service. .. only:: rdo * In the ``[oslo_concurrency]`` section, configure the lock path: .. code-block:: ini [oslo_concurrency] ... lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp * (Optional) To assist with troubleshooting, enable verbose logging in the ``[DEFAULT]`` section: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... verbose = True Configure the Modular Layer 2 (ML2) plug-in ------------------------------------------- The ML2 plug-in uses the Linux bridge mechanism to build layer-2 (bridging and switching) virtual networking infrastructure for instances. * Edit the ``/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini`` file and complete the following actions: * In the ``[ml2]`` section, enable flat, VLAN, and VXLAN networks: .. code-block:: ini [ml2] ... type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan * In the ``[ml2]`` section, enable VXLAN project (private) networks: .. code-block:: ini [ml2] ... tenant_network_types = vxlan * In the ``[ml2]`` section, enable the Linux bridge and layer-2 population mechanisms: .. code-block:: ini [ml2] ... mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population .. warning:: After you configure the ML2 plug-in, removing values in the ``type_drivers`` option can lead to database inconsistency. .. note:: The Linux bridge agent only supports VXLAN overlay networks. * In the ``[ml2]`` section, enable the port security extension driver: .. code-block:: ini [ml2] ... extension_drivers = port_security * In the ``[ml2_type_flat]`` section, configure the public flat provider network: .. code-block:: ini [ml2_type_flat] ... flat_networks = public * In the ``[ml2_type_vxlan]`` section, configure the VXLAN network identifier range for private networks: .. code-block:: ini [ml2_type_vxlan] ... vni_ranges = 1:1000 * In the ``[securitygroup]`` section, enable :term:`ipset` to increase efficiency of security group rules: .. code-block:: ini [securitygroup] ... enable_ipset = True Configure the Linux bridge agent -------------------------------- The Linux bridge agent builds layer-2 (bridging and switching) virtual networking infrastructure for instances including VXLAN tunnels for private networks and handles security groups. * Edit the ``/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini`` file and complete the following actions: * In the ``[linux_bridge]`` section, map the public virtual network to the public physical network interface: .. code-block:: ini [linux_bridge] physical_interface_mappings = public:PUBLIC_INTERFACE_NAME Replace ``PUBLIC_INTERFACE_NAME`` with the name of the underlying physical public network interface. * In the ``[vxlan]`` section, enable VXLAN overlay networks, configure the IP address of the physical network interface that handles overlay networks, and enable layer-2 population: .. code-block:: ini [vxlan] enable_vxlan = True local_ip = OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS l2_population = True Replace ``OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS`` with the IP address of the underlying physical network interface that handles overlay networks. The example architecture uses the management interface. * In the ``[agent]`` section, enable ARP spoofing protection: .. code-block:: ini [agent] ... prevent_arp_spoofing = True * In the ``[securitygroup]`` section, enable security groups and configure the Linux bridge :term:`iptables` firewall driver: .. code-block:: ini [securitygroup] ... enable_security_group = True firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver Configure the layer-3 agent --------------------------- The :term:`Layer-3 (L3) agent` provides routing and NAT services for virtual networks. * Edit the ``/etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini`` file and complete the following actions: * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` section, configure the Linux bridge interface driver and external network bridge: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver external_network_bridge = .. note:: The ``external_network_bridge`` option intentionally lacks a value to enable multiple external networks on a single agent. * (Optional) To assist with troubleshooting, enable verbose logging in the ``[DEFAULT]`` section: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... verbose = True Configure the DHCP agent ------------------------ The :term:`DHCP agent` provides DHCP services for virtual networks. * Edit the ``/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini`` file and complete the following actions: * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` section, configure the Linux bridge interface driver, Dnsmasq DHCP driver, and enable isolated metadata so instances on public networks can access metadata over the network: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq enable_isolated_metadata = True * (Optional) To assist with troubleshooting, enable verbose logging in the ``[DEFAULT]`` section: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... verbose = True Overlay networks such as VXLAN include additional packet headers that increase overhead and decrease space available for the payload or user data. Without knowledge of the virtual network infrastructure, instances attempt to send packets using the default Ethernet :term:`maximum transmission unit (MTU)` of 1500 bytes. :term:`Internet protocol (IP)` networks contain the :term:`path MTU discovery (PMTUD)` mechanism to detect end-to-end MTU and adjust packet size accordingly. However, some operating systems and networks block or otherwise lack support for PMTUD causing performance degradation or connectivity failure. Ideally, you can prevent these problems by enabling :term:`jumbo frames ` on the physical network that contains your tenant virtual networks. Jumbo frames support MTUs up to approximately 9000 bytes which negates the impact of VXLAN overhead on virtual networks. However, many network devices lack support for jumbo frames and OpenStack administrators often lack control over network infrastructure. Given the latter complications, you can also prevent MTU problems by reducing the instance MTU to account for VXLAN overhead. Determining the proper MTU value often takes experimentation, but 1450 bytes works in most environments. You can configure the DHCP server that assigns IP addresses to your instances to also adjust the MTU. .. note:: Some cloud images ignore the DHCP MTU option in which case you should configure it using metadata, a script, or other suitable method. * In the ``[DEFAULT]`` section, enable the :term:`dnsmasq` configuration file: .. code-block:: ini [DEFAULT] ... dnsmasq_config_file = /etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf * Create and edit the ``/etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf`` file to enable the DHCP MTU option (26) and configure it to 1450 bytes: .. code-block:: ini dhcp-option-force=26,1450 Return to :ref:`Networking controller node configuration `.