There are several tools that are designed to automate image creation.

diskimage-builder is an automated disk image creation tool that supports a variety of distributions and architectures. Diskimage-builder (DIB) can build images for Fedora, Redhat, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and openSUSE. DIB is organized in a series of elements that build on top of each other to create specific images. To build an image, call the following script: # disk-image-create ubuntu vm This example creates a generic, bootable Ubuntu image of the latest release. Further customization could be accomplished by setting environment variables or adding elements to the command-line: # disk-image-create -a armhf ubuntu vm This example creates the image as before, but for arm architecture. More elements are available on github.

Oz is a command-line tool that automates the process of creating a virtual machine image file. Oz is a Python app that interacts with KVM to step through the process of installing a virtual machine. It uses a predefined set of kickstart (Red Hat-based systems) and preseed files (Debian-based systems) for operating systems that it supports, and it can also be used to create Microsoft Windows images. On Fedora, install Oz with yum: # yum install oz As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for Ubuntu, so you will need to either install from source or build your own .deb file. A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this document, but we will provide an example. You can find additional examples of Oz template files on GitHub at rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates. Here's how you would create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz. Create a template file (we'll call it centos64.tdl) with the following contents. The only entry you will need to change is the <rootpw> contents. <template> <name>centos64</name> <os> <name>CentOS-6</name> <version>4</version> <arch>x86_64</arch> <install type='iso'> <iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso> </install> <rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw> </os> <description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description> <repositories> <repository name='epel-6'> <url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url> <signed>no</signed> </repository> </repositories> <packages> <package name='epel-release'/> <package name='cloud-utils'/> <package name='cloud-init'/> </packages> <commands> <command name='update'> yum -y update yum clean all sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules </command> </commands> </template> This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos 6.4 install ISO. Oz will use the version information to identify which kickstart file to use. In this case, it will be RHEL6.auto. It adds EPEL as a repository and install the epel-release, cloud-utils, and cloud-init packages, as specified in the packages section of the file. After Oz does the initial OS install using the kickstart file, it updates the image's install packages with yum update. It also removes any reference to the eth0 device that libvirt creates while Oz does the customizing, as specified in the command section of the XML file. To run this, do, as root: # oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml The -d3 flag tells Oz to show status information as it runs. The -u tells Oz to do the customization (install extra packages, run the commands) once it does the initial install. The -x <filename> flag tells Oz what filename to use to write out a libvirt XML file (otherwise it will default to something like centos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42). If you leave out the -u flag, or you want to edit the file to do additional customizations, you can use the oz-customize command, using the libvirt XML file that oz-install creates. For example: # oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM, then Oz will ssh into the instance and perform the customizations.

VMBuilder (Virtual Machine Builder) is a command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests. The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests. The Ubuntu Server Guide has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an Ubuntu image.

BoxGrinder is another tool for creating virtual machine images, which it calls appliances. BoxGrinder can create Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or CentOS images. BoxGrinder is currently only supported on Fedora.

VeeWee is often used to build Vagrant boxes, but it can also be used to build KVM images.

Packer is a tool for creating machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration.

imagefactory is a newer tool designed to automate the building, converting, and uploading images to different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.

SUSE Studio is a web application for building and testing software applications in a web browser. It supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based applications and includes support for building images for OpenStack based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and openSUSE as distributions.