190 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
190 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="ch_creating_images_automatically">
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<title>Tool support for image creation</title>
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<para>There are several tools that are designed to automate image
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creation.</para>
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<section xml:id="Diskimage-builder">
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<title>Diskimage-builder</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/"
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>diskimage-builder</link> is an automated disk image creation
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tool that supports a variety of distributions and architectures.
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Diskimage-builder (DIB) can build images for Fedora,
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and openSUSE.
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DIB is organized in a series of elements that build on top of
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each other to create specific images.</para>
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<para>To build an image, call the following script:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>disk-image-create ubuntu vm</userinput></screen>
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<para>This example creates a generic, bootable Ubuntu image of the latest
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release.</para>
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<para>Further customization could be accomplished by setting
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environment variables or adding elements to the command-line:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>disk-image-create -a armhf ubuntu vm</userinput></screen>
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<para>This example creates the image as before, but for arm architecture.
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More elements are available on <link xlink:href="https://github.com/openstack/diskimage-builder/tree/master/elements">github</link>.
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</para></section>
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<section xml:id="oz">
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<title>Oz</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki"
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>Oz</link> is a command-line tool that automates the process of
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creating a virtual machine image file. Oz is a Python app that
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interacts with KVM to step through the process of installing a
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virtual machine. It uses a predefined set of kickstart (Red
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Hat-based systems) and preseed files (Debian-based systems) for
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operating systems that it supports, and it can also be used to
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create Microsoft Windows images. On Fedora, install Oz with yum:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install oz</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for Ubuntu,
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so you will need to either install from the source or build your
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own .deb file.</para>
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</note>
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<para>A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this document, but
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we will provide an example. You can find additional examples of Oz
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template files on GitHub at <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/rackerjoe/oz-image-build/tree/master/templates"
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>rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates</link>. Here's how you would
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create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz.</para>
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<para>Create a template file (we'll call it
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<filename>centos64.tdl</filename>) with the following contents.
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The only entry you will need to change is the
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<literal><rootpw></literal>
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contents.</para>
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<programlisting language="xml"><template>
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<name>centos64</name>
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<os>
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<name>CentOS-6</name>
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<version>4</version>
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<arch>x86_64</arch>
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<install type='iso'>
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<iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso>
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</install>
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<rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw>
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</os>
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<description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description>
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<repositories>
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<repository name='epel-6'>
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<url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url>
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<signed>no</signed>
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</repository>
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</repositories>
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<packages>
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<package name='epel-release'/>
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<package name='cloud-utils'/>
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<package name='cloud-init'/>
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</packages>
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<commands>
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<command name='update'>
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yum -y update
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yum clean all
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sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
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echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
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</command>
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</commands>
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</template></programlisting>
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<para>This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos 6.4
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install ISO. Oz will use the version information to identify which
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kickstart file to use. In this case, it will be <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/blob/master/oz/auto/RHEL6.auto"
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>RHEL6.auto</link>. It adds EPEL as a repository and install the
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<literal>epel-release</literal>, <literal>cloud-utils</literal>,
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and <literal>cloud-init</literal> packages, as specified in the
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<literal>packages</literal> section of the file.</para>
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<para>After Oz completes the initial OS install using the kickstart file,
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it customizes the image with an update. It also removes any reference to the eth0
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device that libvirt creates while Oz does the customizing, as
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specified in the <literal>command</literal> section of the XML
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file.</para>
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<para>To run this:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-d3</literal> flag tells Oz to show
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status information as it runs.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-u</literal> tells Oz to do the
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customization (install extra packages, run the commands)
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once it does the initial install.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-x <filename></literal> flag tells Oz
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what filename to use to write out a libvirt XML file
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(otherwise it will default to something like
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<filename>centos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>If you leave out the <literal>-u</literal> flag, or
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you want to edit the file to do additional customizations, you can
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use the <command>oz-customize</command> command, using the libvirt
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XML file that <command>oz-install</command> creates. For example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen>
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<para>Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM, then Oz will
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ssh into the instance and perform the customizations.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="vmbuilder">
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<title>VMBuilder</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://launchpad.net/vmbuilder"
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>VMBuilder</link> (Virtual Machine Builder) is a
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command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for
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different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships
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with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests.
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The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create
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Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests.</para>
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<para>The <link
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xlink:href="https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/jeos-and-vmbuilder.html"
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><citetitle>Ubuntu Server Guide</citetitle></link>
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has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an
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Ubuntu image.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="boxgrinder">
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<title>BoxGrinder</title>
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<para>
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<link xlink:href="http://boxgrinder.org/"
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>BoxGrinder</link> is another tool for creating
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virtual machine images, which it calls appliances.
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BoxGrinder can create Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or
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CentOS images. BoxGrinder is currently only supported on
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Fedora.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="veewee">
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<title>VeeWee</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://github.com/jedi4ever/veewee">
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VeeWee</link> is often used to build <link
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xlink:href="http://vagrantup.com">Vagrant</link>
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boxes, but it can also be used to build KVM images.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="packer">
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<title>Packer</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://packer.io">
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Packer</link> is a tool for creating machine images for multiple platforms
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from a single source configuration.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="imagefactory">
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<title>imagefactory</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://imgfac.org/"
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>imagefactory</link> is a newer tool designed to
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automate the building, converting, and uploading images to
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different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and
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includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="susestudio">
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<title>SUSE Studio</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://susestudio.com">SUSE
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Studio</link> is a web application for building and
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testing software applications in a web browser. It
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supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based
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applications and includes support for building images for
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OpenStack based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and
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openSUSE as distributions.</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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