655 lines
30 KiB
XML
655 lines
30 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="module001-ch003-core-projects">
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<title>OpenStack Projects, History and Releases Overview</title>
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<para><guilabel>Project history and releases overview.</guilabel></para>
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<para>OpenStack is a cloud computing project to provide an
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infrastructure as a service (IaaS). It is free open source
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software released under the terms of the Apache License. The
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project is managed by the OpenStack Foundation, a non-profit
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corporate entity established in September 2012 to promote
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OpenStack software and its community.</para>
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<para>More than 200 companies joined the project among which are
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AMD, Brocade Communications Systems, Canonical, Cisco, Dell, EMC,
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Ericsson, Groupe Bull, HP, IBM, Inktank, Intel, NEC, Rackspace
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Hosting, Red Hat, SUSE Linux, VMware, and Yahoo!</para>
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<para>The technology consists of a series of interrelated projects
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that control pools of processing, storage, and networking
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resources throughout a datacenter, all managed through a dashboard
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that gives administrators control while empowering its users to
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provision resources through a web interface.</para>
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<para>The OpenStack community collaborates around a six-month,
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time-based release cycle with frequent development milestones.
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During the planning phase of each release, the community gathers
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for the OpenStack Design Summit to facilitate developer working
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sessions and assemble plans.</para>
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<para>In July 2010 Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an
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open-source cloud-software initiative known as OpenStack. The
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OpenStack project intended to help organizations which offer
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cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. The
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community’s first official release, code-named Austin, appeared
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four months later, with plans to release regular updates of the
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software every few months. The early code came from NASA’s Nebula
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platform as well as from Rackspace’s Cloud Files platform. In July
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2011 developers of the Ubuntu Linux distribution decided to adopt
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OpenStack.</para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">OpenStack Releases</emphasis></para>
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<informaltable class="c20">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Release Name</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Release Date</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Included Components</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austin</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 October 2010</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Swift</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bexar</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 February 2011</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cactus</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 April 2011</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diablo</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 September 2011</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Essex</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 April 2012</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
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Horizon, Keystone</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Folsom</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 September 2012</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
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Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grizzly</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 April 2013</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
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Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Havana</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 October 2013</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
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Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IceHouse</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">April 2014</td>
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<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
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Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, (More to be
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added)</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</informaltable>
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<para>Some OpenStack users include:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>PayPal / eBay</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>NASA</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>CERN</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Yahoo!</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Rackspace Cloud</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>HP Public Cloud</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MercadoLibre.com</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>AT&T</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>KT (formerly Korea Telecom)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Deutsche Telekom</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Wikimedia Labs</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Hostalia of Telef nica Group</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>SUSE Cloud solution</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Red Hat OpenShift PaaS solution</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Zadara Storage</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mint Services</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>GridCentric</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>and many more such users of OpenStack make it a true open
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standard innovating and driving the worlds biggest Open Cloud
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Standards (more on User Stories here <link xlink:href="http://goo.gl/aF4lsL">http://goo.gl/aF4lsL</link>).</para>
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<para><guilabel>Release Cycle</guilabel></para>
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<figure>
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<title>Community Heartbeat</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/image05.png"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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<para>OpenStack is based on a coordinated 6-month release cycle
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with frequent development milestones. You can find a link to the
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current development release schedule here. The Release Cycle is
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made of four major stages. Various OpenStack releases are named
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as follows Various Companies Contributing to OpenStack</para>
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<figure>
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<title>Various Projects under OpenStack</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/image16.png"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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<para>In a Nutshell, OpenStack...</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>has had 64,396 commits made by 1,128 contributors</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>representing 908,491 lines of code</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>is mostly written in Python</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>with an average number of source code comments</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>has a codebase with a long source history</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>maintained by a very large development team</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>with increasing Y-O-Y commits</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>took an estimated 249 years of effort (COCOMO
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model)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>starting with its first commit in May, 2010. (I have
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deliberatly not</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>included last commit date since this is an active
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project with</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>people working on it from all round the world).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<figure>
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<title>Programming Languages used to design OpenStack</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/image06.png"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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<para>For more overview on OpenStack refer
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http://www.openstack.org or http://goo.gl/4q7nVI, most of the
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common questions and queries are covered here so as to address
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the massive amount of questions that may arise out of
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this.</para>
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<para><guilabel>Core Projects Overview</guilabel></para>
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<para>Let’s take a dive into some technical aspects of OpenStack,
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its amazing scalability and flexibility are few of its awesome
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features that make it a rock-solid cloud computing platform but
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the OpenSource Nature of it and the fact that its Community
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driven, it is explicitly meant to serve the OpenSource community
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and its demands.</para>
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<para>Being a cloud computing platform, OpenStack consists of many
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core and incubated projects which as a whole makes it really good
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as an IaaS cloud computing platform/Operating System. But the
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following points are the main components of OpenStack that are
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necessary to be present in the cloud to call it as OpenStack
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Cloud.</para>
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<para><guimenu>Components of OpenStack</guimenu></para>
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<para>OpenStack has a modular architecture with various code names
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for its components. OpenStack has several shared services that
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span the three pillars of compute, storage and networking,
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making it easier to implement and operate your cloud. These
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services - including identity, image management and a web
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interface - integrate the OpenStack components with each other
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as well as external systems to provide a unified experience for
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users as they interact with different cloud resources.</para>
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<para><guisubmenu>Compute (Nova)</guisubmenu></para>
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<para>The OpenStack cloud operating system enables enterprises
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and service providers to offer on-demand computing resources,
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by provisioning and managing large networks of virtual
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machines. Compute resources are accessible via APIs for
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developers building cloud applications and via web interfaces
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for administrators and users. The compute architecture is
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designed to scale horizontally on standard hardware, enabling
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the cloud economics companies have come to expect.</para>
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<figure>
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<title>OpenStack Compute:Provision and manage large networks of
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virtual machines</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/image03.png"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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<para>OpenStack Compute (Nova) is a cloud computing fabric
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controller (the main part of an IaaS system). It is written in
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Python and uses many external libraries such as Eventlet (for
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concurrent programming), Kombu (for AMQP communication), and
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SQLAlchemy (for database access). Nova's architecture is
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designed to scale horizontally on standard hardware with no
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proprietary hardware or software requirements and provide the
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ability to integrate with legacy systems and third party
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technologies. It is designed to manage and automate pools of
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computer resources and can work with widely available
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virtualization technologies, as well as bare metal and
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high-performance computing (HPC) configurations. KVM and
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XenServer are available choices for hypervisor technology,
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together with Hyper-V and Linux container technology such as
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LXC. In addition to different hypervisors, OpenStack runs on
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ARM.</para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Popular Use Cases:</emphasis></para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Service providers offering an IaaS compute platform
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or services higher up the stack</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>IT departments acting as cloud service providers for
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business units and project teams</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Processing big data with tools like Hadoop</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Scaling compute up and down to meet demand for web
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resources and applications</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>High-performance computing (HPC) environments
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processing diverse and intensive workloads</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para><guisubmenu>Object Storage(Swift)</guisubmenu></para>
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<para>In addition to traditional enterprise-class storage
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technology, many organizations now have a variety of storage
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needs with varying performance and price requirements.
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OpenStack has support for both Object Storage and Block
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Storage, with many deployment options for each depending on
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the use case.</para>
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<figure>
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<title>OpenStack Storage: Object and Block storage for use with
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servers and applications</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/image17.png"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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<para>OpenStack Object Storage (Swift) is a scalable redundant
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storage system. Objects and files are written to multiple disk
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drives spread throughout servers in the data center, with the
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OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data replication
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and integrity across the cluster. Storage clusters scale
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horizontally simply by adding new servers. Should a server or
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hard drive fail, OpenStack replicates its content from other
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active nodes to new locations in the cluster. Because
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OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication and
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distribution across different devices, inexpensive commodity
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hard drives and servers can be used.</para>
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<para>Object Storage is ideal for cost effective, scale-out
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storage. It provides a fully distributed, API-accessible
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storage platform that can be integrated directly into
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applications or used for backup, archiving and data retention.
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Block Storage allows block devices to be exposed and connected
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to compute instances for expanded storage, better performance
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and integration with enterprise storage platforms, such as
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NetApp, Nexenta and SolidFire.</para>
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<para>A few details on OpenStack’s Object Storage</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>OpenStack provides redundant, scalable object storage using
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clusters of standardized servers capable of storing
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petabytes of data</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Object Storage is not a traditional file system, but rather a
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distributed storage system for static data such as
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virtual machine images, photo storage, email storage,
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backups and archives. Having no central "brain" or
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master point of control provides greater scalability,
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redundancy and durability.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Objects and files are written to multiple disk drives spread
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throughout servers in the data center, with the
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OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data
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replication and integrity across the cluster.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Storage clusters scale horizontally simply by adding new servers.
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Should a server or hard drive fail, OpenStack
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replicates its content from other active nodes to new
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locations in the cluster. Because OpenStack uses
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software logic to ensure data replication and
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distribution across different devices, inexpensive
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commodity hard drives and servers can be used in lieu
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of more expensive equipment.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para><guisubmenu>Block Storage(Cinder)</guisubmenu></para>
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<para>OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder) provides persistent block
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level storage devices for use with OpenStack compute
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instances. The block storage system manages the creation,
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attaching and detaching of the block devices to servers. Block
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storage volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack Compute
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and the Dashboard allowing for cloud users to manage their own
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storage needs. In addition to local Linux server storage, it
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can use storage platforms including Ceph, CloudByte, Coraid,
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EMC (VMAX and VNX), GlusterFS, IBM Storage (Storwize family,
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SAN Volume Controller, and XIV Storage System), Linux LIO,
|
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NetApp, Nexenta, Scality, SolidFire and HP (Store Virtual and
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StoreServ 3Par families). Block storage is appropriate for
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performance sensitive scenarios such as database storage,
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expandable file systems, or providing a server with access to
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raw block level storage. Snapshot management provides powerful
|
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functionality for backing up data stored on block storage
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volumes. Snapshots can be restored or used to create a new
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block storage volume.</para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">A few points on OpenStack Block
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Storage:</emphasis></para>
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<itemizedlist>
|
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<listitem>
|
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<para>OpenStack provides persistent block level storage
|
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devices for use with OpenStack compute instances.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
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<para>The block storage system manages the creation,
|
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attaching and detaching of the block devices to servers.
|
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Block storage volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack
|
||
Compute and the Dashboard allowing for cloud users to
|
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manage their own storage needs.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
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<para>In addition to using simple Linux server storage, it
|
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has unified storage support for numerous storage platforms
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including Ceph, NetApp, Nexenta, SolidFire, and
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Zadara.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
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<para>Block storage is appropriate for performance sensitive
|
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scenarios such as database storage, expandable file
|
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systems, or providing a server with access to raw block
|
||
level storage.</para>
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||
</listitem>
|
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<listitem>
|
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<para>Snapshot management provides powerful functionality
|
||
for backing up data stored on block storage volumes.
|
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Snapshots can be restored or used to create a new block
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||
storage volume.</para>
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||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<para><guisubmenu>Networking(Neutron)</guisubmenu></para>
|
||
<para>Today's datacenter networks contain more devices than ever
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before servers, network equipment, storage systems and
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security appliances many of which are further divided into
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virtual machines and virtual networks. The number of IP
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||
addresses, routing configurations and security rules can
|
||
quickly grow into the millions. Traditional network management
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||
techniques fall short of providing a truly scalable, automated
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||
approach to managing these next-generation networks. At the
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||
same time, users expect more control and flexibility with
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quicker provisioning.</para>
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<para>OpenStack Networking is a pluggable, scalable and
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API-driven system for managing networks and IP addresses. Like
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other aspects of the cloud operating system, it can be used by
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administrators and users to increase the value of existing
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datacenter assets. OpenStack Networking ensures the network
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||
will not be the bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud
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deployment and gives users real self-service, even over their
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network configurations.</para>
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<title>OpenStack Networking: Pluggable, scalable, API-driven
|
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network and IP management</title>
|
||
<mediaobject>
|
||
<imageobject>
|
||
<imagedata fileref="figures/image26.png"/>
|
||
</imageobject>
|
||
</mediaobject>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Networking (Neutron, formerly Quantum]) is a
|
||
system for managing networks and IP addresses. Like other
|
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aspects of the cloud operating system, it can be used by
|
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administrators and users to increase the value of existing
|
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data center assets. OpenStack Networking ensures the network
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will not be the bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud
|
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deployment and gives users real self-service, even over their
|
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network configurations.</para>
|
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<para>OpenStack Neutron provides networking models for different
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applications or user groups. Standard models include flat
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networks or VLANs for separation of servers and traffic.
|
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OpenStack Networking manages IP addresses, allowing for
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dedicated static IPs or DHCP. Floating IPs allow traffic to be
|
||
dynamically re routed to any of your compute resources, which
|
||
allows you to redirect traffic during maintenance or in the
|
||
case of failure. Users can create their own networks, control
|
||
traffic and connect servers and devices to one or more
|
||
networks. Administrators can take advantage of
|
||
software-defined networking (SDN) technology like OpenFlow to
|
||
allow for high levels of multi-tenancy and massive scale.
|
||
OpenStack Networking has an extension framework allowing
|
||
additional network services, such as intrusion detection
|
||
systems (IDS), load balancing, firewalls and virtual private
|
||
networks (VPN) to be deployed and managed.</para>
|
||
<para>Networking Capabilities</para>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>OpenStack provides flexible networking models to
|
||
suit the needs of different applications or user groups.
|
||
Standard models include flat networks or VLANs for
|
||
separation of servers and traffic.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Networking manages IP addresses, allowing
|
||
for dedicated static IPs or DHCP. Floating IPs allow
|
||
traffic to be dynamically rerouted to any of your
|
||
compute resources, which allows you to redirect traffic
|
||
during maintenance or in the case of failure.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Users can create their own networks, control traffic
|
||
and connect servers and devices to one or more
|
||
networks.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>The pluggable backend architecture lets users take
|
||
advantage of commodity gear or advanced networking
|
||
services from supported vendors.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Administrators can take advantage of
|
||
software-defined networking (SDN) technology like
|
||
OpenFlow to allow for high levels of multi-tenancy and
|
||
massive scale.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Networking has an extension framework
|
||
allowing additional network services, such as intrusion
|
||
detection systems (IDS), load balancing, firewalls and
|
||
virtual private networks (VPN) to be deployed and
|
||
managed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<para><guisubmenu>Dashboard(Horizon)</guisubmenu></para>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) provides administrators and
|
||
users a graphical interface to access, provision and automate
|
||
cloud-based resources. The design allows for third party
|
||
products and services, such as billing, monitoring and
|
||
additional management tools. The dashboard is also brandable
|
||
for service providers and other commercial vendors who want to
|
||
make use of it.</para>
|
||
<para>The dashboard is just one way to interact with OpenStack
|
||
resources. Developers can automate access or build tools to
|
||
manage their resources using the native OpenStack API or the
|
||
EC2 compatibility API.</para>
|
||
<para><guisubmenu>Identity Service(Keystone)</guisubmenu></para>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Identity (Keystone) provides a central directory
|
||
of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access. It
|
||
acts as a common authentication system across the cloud
|
||
operating system and can integrate with existing backend
|
||
directory services like LDAP. It supports multiple forms of
|
||
authentication including standard username and password
|
||
credentials, token-based systems and AWS-style (i.e. Amazon
|
||
Web Services) logins. Additionally, the catalog provides a
|
||
queryable list of all of the services deployed in an OpenStack
|
||
cloud in a single registry. Users and third-party tools can
|
||
programmatically determine which resources they can
|
||
access.</para>
|
||
<para>Additionally, the catalog provides a queryable list of all
|
||
of the services deployed in an OpenStack cloud in a single
|
||
registry. Users and third-party tools can programmatically
|
||
determine which resources they can access.</para>
|
||
<para>As an administrator, OpenStack Identity enables you
|
||
to:</para>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Configure centralized policies across users and
|
||
systems</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Create users and tenants and define permissions for
|
||
compute, storage and networking resources using role-based
|
||
access control (RBAC) features</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Integrate with an existing directory like LDAP,
|
||
allowing for a single source of identity authentication
|
||
across the enterprise.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>As a user, OpenStack Identity enables you to:</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Get a list of the services that you can access.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Make API requests</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Log into the web dashboard to create resources owned
|
||
by your account</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<para><guisubmenu>Image Service(Glance)</guisubmenu></para>
|
||
<para>OpenStack Image Service (Glance) provides discovery,
|
||
registration and delivery services for disk and server images.
|
||
Stored images can be used as a template. It can also be used
|
||
to store and catalog an unlimited number of backups. The Image
|
||
Service can store disk and server images in a variety of
|
||
back-ends, including OpenStack Object Storage. The Image
|
||
Service API provides a standard REST interface for querying
|
||
information about disk images and lets clients stream the
|
||
images to new servers.</para>
|
||
<para>The Image Service can store disk and server images in a
|
||
variety of back-ends, including OpenStack Object Storage. The
|
||
Image Service API provides a standard REST interface for
|
||
querying information about disk images and lets clients stream
|
||
the images to new servers.</para>
|
||
<para>Capabilities of the Image Service include:</para>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Administrators can create base templates from which
|
||
their users can start new compute instances</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Users can choose from available images, or create
|
||
their own from existing servers</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Snapshots can also be stored in the Image Service so
|
||
that virtual machines can be backed up quickly</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<para>A multi-format image registry, the image service allows
|
||
uploads of private and public images in a variety of formats,
|
||
including:</para>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Raw</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Machine (kernel/ramdisk outside of image, a.k.a.
|
||
AMI)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>VHD (Hyper-V)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>VDI (VirtualBox)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>qcow2 (Qemu/KVM)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>VMDK (VMWare)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>OVF (VMWare, others)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<para>To checkout the complete list of Core and Incubated
|
||
projects under OpenStack check out OpenStack’s Launchpad
|
||
Project Page here : http://goo.gl/ka4SrV</para>
|
||
<para><guisubmenu>Amazon Web Services compatibility</guisubmenu></para>
|
||
<para>OpenStack APIs are compatible with Amazon EC2 and Amazon
|
||
S3 and thus client applications written for Amazon Web
|
||
Services can be used with OpenStack with minimal porting
|
||
effort.</para>
|
||
<para><guilabel>Governance</guilabel></para>
|
||
<para>OpenStack is governed by a non-profit foundation and its
|
||
board of directors, a technical committee and a user
|
||
committee.</para>
|
||
<para>The foundation's stated mission is by providing shared
|
||
resources to help achieve the OpenStack Mission by Protecting,
|
||
Empowering, and Promoting OpenStack software and the community
|
||
around it, including users, developers and the entire
|
||
ecosystem. Though, it has little to do with the development of
|
||
the software, which is managed by the technical committee - an
|
||
elected group that represents the contributors to the project,
|
||
and has oversight on all technical matters.</para>
|
||
</chapter>
|