openstack-manuals/doc/common/section_keystone-concepts-user-management.xml
Shaun McCance f368a64810 Restructured Install Guide
Full outline finished. Keystone, Glance, and most of Nova complete

Changes to Common:
* Separate "Getting Started" content into separate files, so they can be
included individually where needed in the install guide
* separated "Keystone Concepts" so that a smaller subset of that can be
used in the install guide

Change-Id: I583349443685e3022f4c4c1893c2c07d1d2af1d5
2013-10-08 18:11:03 +11:00

220 lines
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XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
xml:id="keystone-user-management">
<title>User management</title>
<para>The main components of Identity user management are: <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Users</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Tenants</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Roles</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>A <emphasis>user</emphasis> represents a human user, and
has associated information such as user name, password,
and email. This example creates a user named
"alice":</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone user-create --name=alice \
--pass=mypassword123 --email=alice@example.com</userinput></screen>
<para>A <emphasis>tenant</emphasis> can be a project, group,
or organization. Whenever you make requests to OpenStack
services, you must specify a tenant. For example, if you
query the Compute service for a list of running instances,
you receive a list of all of the running instances in the
tenant that you specified in your query. This example
creates a tenant named "acme":</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone tenant-create --name=acme</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Because the term <emphasis>project</emphasis> was
used instead of <emphasis>tenant</emphasis> in earlier
versions of OpenStack Compute, some command-line tools
use <literal>--project_id</literal> instead of
<literal>--tenant-id</literal> or
<literal>--os-tenant-id</literal> to refer to a
tenant ID.</para>
</note>
<para>A <emphasis>role</emphasis> captures what operations a
user is permitted to perform in a given tenant. This
example creates a role named "compute-user":</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone role-create --name=compute-user</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>It is up to individual services such as the Compute
service and Image service to assign meaning to these
roles. As far as the Identity service is concerned, a
role is simply a name.</para>
</note>
<?hard-pagebreak?>
<para>The Identity service associates a user with a tenant and
a role. To continue with the previous examples, you might
to assign the "alice" user the "compute-user" role in the
"acme" tenant:</para>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone user-list</userinput></screen>
<screen><computeroutput>+--------+---------+-------------------+--------+
| id | enabled | email | name |
+--------+---------+-------------------+--------+
| 892585 | True | alice@example.com | alice |
+--------+---------+-------------------+--------+</computeroutput></screen>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone role-list</userinput></screen>
<screen><computeroutput>+--------+--------------+
| id | name |
+--------+--------------+
| 9a764e | compute-user |
+--------+--------------+</computeroutput></screen>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone tenant-list</userinput></screen>
<screen><computeroutput>+--------+------+---------+
| id | name | enabled |
+--------+------+---------+
| 6b8fd2 | acme | True |
+--------+------+---------+</computeroutput></screen>
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>keystone user-role-add --user=892585 --role=9a764e --tenant-id=6b8fd2</userinput> </screen>
<para>A user can be assigned different roles in different
tenants: for example, Alice might also have the "admin"
role in the "Cyberdyne" tenant. A user can also be
assigned multiple roles in the same tenant.</para>
<para>The
<filename>/etc/<replaceable>[SERVICE_CODENAME]</replaceable>/policy.json</filename>
file controls the tasks that users can perform for a given
service. For example,
<filename>/etc/nova/policy.json</filename> specifies
the access policy for the Compute service,
<filename>/etc/glance/policy.json</filename> specifies
the access policy for the Image service, and
<filename>/etc/keystone/policy.json</filename>
specifies the access policy for the Identity
service.</para>
<para>The default <filename>policy.json</filename> files in
the Compute, Identity, and Image service recognize only
the <literal>admin</literal> role: all operations that do
not require the <literal>admin</literal> role are
accessible by any user that has any role in a
tenant.</para>
<para>If you wish to restrict users from performing operations
in, say, the Compute service, you need to create a role in
the Identity service and then modify
<filename>/etc/nova/policy.json</filename> so that
this role is required for Compute operations.</para>
<?hard-pagebreak?>
<para>For example, this line in
<filename>/etc/nova/policy.json</filename> specifies
that there are no restrictions on which users can create
volumes: if the user has any role in a tenant, they can
create volumes in that tenant.</para>
<programlisting language="json">"volume:create": [],</programlisting>
<para>To restrict creation of volumes to users who had the
<literal>compute-user</literal> role in a particular
tenant, you would add
<literal>"role:compute-user"</literal>, like
so:</para>
<programlisting language="json">"volume:create": ["role:compute-user"],</programlisting>
<para>To restrict all Compute service requests to require this
role, the resulting file would look like:</para>
<programlisting language="json"><?db-font-size 50%?>{
"admin_or_owner": [["role:admin"], ["project_id:%(project_id)s"]],
"default": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute:create": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute:create:attach_network": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute:create:attach_volume": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute:get_all": ["role":"compute-user"],
"admin_api": [["role:admin"]],
"compute_extension:accounts": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:pause": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:unpause": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:suspend": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:resume": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:lock": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:unlock": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:resetNetwork": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:injectNetworkInfo": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:createBackup": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:migrateLive": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:admin_actions:migrate": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:aggregates": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:certificates": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:cloudpipe": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:console_output": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:consoles": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:createserverext": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:deferred_delete": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:disk_config": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:evacuate": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:extended_server_attributes": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:extended_status": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:flavorextradata": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:flavorextraspecs": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:flavormanage": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:floating_ip_dns": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:floating_ip_pools": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:floating_ips": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:hosts": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:keypairs": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:multinic": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:networks": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:quotas": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:rescue": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:security_groups": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:server_action_list": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:server_diagnostics": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:simple_tenant_usage:show": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
"compute_extension:simple_tenant_usage:list": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:users": [["rule:admin_api"]],
"compute_extension:virtual_interfaces": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:virtual_storage_arrays": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volumes": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volume_attachments:index": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volume_attachments:show": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volume_attachments:create": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volume_attachments:delete": ["role":"compute-user"],
"compute_extension:volumetypes": ["role":"compute-user"],
"volume:create": ["role":"compute-user"],
"volume:get_all": ["role":"compute-user"],
"volume:get_volume_metadata": ["role":"compute-user"],
"volume:get_snapshot": ["role":"compute-user"],
"volume:get_all_snapshots": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_all_networks": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_network": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:delete_network": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:disassociate_network": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_vifs_by_instance": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:allocate_for_instance": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:deallocate_for_instance": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:validate_networks": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_instance_uuids_by_ip_filter": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_floating_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_floating_ip_pools": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_floating_ip_by_address": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_floating_ips_by_project": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_floating_ips_by_fixed_address": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:allocate_floating_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:deallocate_floating_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:associate_floating_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:disassociate_floating_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_fixed_ip": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:add_fixed_ip_to_instance": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:remove_fixed_ip_from_instance": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:add_network_to_project": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_instance_nw_info": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_dns_domains": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:add_dns_entry": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:modify_dns_entry": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:delete_dns_entry": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_dns_entries_by_address": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:get_dns_entries_by_name": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:create_private_dns_domain": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:create_public_dns_domain": ["role":"compute-user"],
"network:delete_dns_domain": ["role":"compute-user"]
}</programlisting>
</section>