diff --git a/oslo_messaging/tests/notify/test_notifier.py b/oslo_messaging/tests/notify/test_notifier.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 92e8f6435..854ce5954
--- a/oslo_messaging/tests/notify/test_notifier.py
+++ b/oslo_messaging/tests/notify/test_notifier.py
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ from six.moves import mock
 load_tests = testscenarios.load_tests_apply_scenarios
 
 
+class JsonMessageMatcher(object):
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.message == jsonutils.loads(other)
+
+
 class _FakeTransport(object):
 
     def __init__(self, conf):
@@ -176,11 +184,10 @@ class TestMessagingNotifier(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         if prepare_kwds:
             notifier = notifier.prepare(**prepare_kwds)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send_notification')
+        transport._send_notification = mock.Mock()
 
         message_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(uuid, 'uuid4')
-        uuid.uuid4().AndReturn(message_id)
+        uuid.uuid4 = mock.Mock(return_value=message_id)
 
         mock_utcnow.return_value = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
 
@@ -199,6 +206,7 @@ class TestMessagingNotifier(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         if self.v2:
             sends.append(dict(version=2.0))
 
+        calls = []
         for send_kwargs in sends:
             for topic in self.topics:
                 if hasattr(self, 'retry'):
@@ -207,14 +215,16 @@ class TestMessagingNotifier(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                     send_kwargs['retry'] = None
                 target = oslo_messaging.Target(topic='%s.%s' % (topic,
                                                                 self.priority))
-                transport._send_notification(target, self.ctxt, message,
-                                             **send_kwargs).InAnyOrder()
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+                calls.append(mock.call(target,
+                                       self.ctxt,
+                                       message,
+                                       **send_kwargs))
 
         method = getattr(notifier, self.priority)
         method(self.ctxt, 'test.notify', self.payload)
 
+        uuid.uuid4.assert_called_once_with()
+        transport._send_notification.assert_has_calls(calls, any_order=True)
 
 TestMessagingNotifier.generate_scenarios()
 
@@ -238,18 +248,15 @@ class TestSerializer(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                                            serializer=serializer)
 
         message_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(uuid, 'uuid4')
-        uuid.uuid4().AndReturn(message_id)
+        uuid.uuid4 = mock.Mock(return_value=message_id)
 
         mock_utcnow.return_value = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'serialize_context')
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'serialize_entity')
-        serializer.serialize_context(dict(user='bob')).\
-            AndReturn(dict(user='alice'))
-        serializer.serialize_entity(dict(user='bob'), 'bar').AndReturn('sbar')
+        serializer.serialize_context = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.serialize_context.return_value = dict(user='alice')
 
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        serializer.serialize_entity = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.serialize_entity.return_value = 'sbar'
 
         notifier.info(dict(user='bob'), 'test.notify', 'bar')
 
@@ -265,6 +272,11 @@ class TestSerializer(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         self.assertEqual([(dict(user='alice'), message, 'INFO', None)],
                          _impl_test.NOTIFICATIONS)
 
+        uuid.uuid4.assert_called_once_with()
+        serializer.serialize_context.assert_called_once_with(dict(user='bob'))
+        serializer.serialize_entity.assert_called_once_with(dict(user='bob'),
+                                                            'bar')
+
 
 class TestNotifierTopics(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -303,8 +315,8 @@ class TestLogNotifier(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         notifier = oslo_messaging.Notifier(transport, 'test.localhost')
 
         message_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(uuid, 'uuid4')
-        uuid.uuid4().AndReturn(message_id)
+        uuid.uuid4 = mock.Mock()
+        uuid.uuid4.return_value = message_id
 
         mock_utcnow.return_value = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
 
@@ -317,34 +329,34 @@ class TestLogNotifier(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
             'timestamp': str(timeutils.utcnow()),
         }
 
-        logger = self.mox.CreateMockAnything()
-
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(logging, 'getLogger')
-        logging.getLogger('oslo.messaging.notification.test.notify').\
-            AndReturn(logger)
-
-        logger.info(jsonutils.dumps(message))
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        logger = mock.Mock()
+        logging.getLogger = mock.Mock()
+        logging.getLogger.return_value = logger
 
         notifier.info({}, 'test.notify', 'bar')
 
+        uuid.uuid4.assert_called_once_with()
+        logging.getLogger.assert_called_once_with('oslo.messaging.'
+                                                  'notification.test.notify')
+        logger.info.assert_called_once_with(JsonMessageMatcher(message))
+
     def test_sample_priority(self):
         # Ensure logger drops sample-level notifications.
         driver = _impl_log.LogDriver(None, None, None)
 
-        logger = self.mox.CreateMock(
-            logging.getLogger('oslo.messaging.notification.foo'))
+        logger = mock.Mock(spec=logging.getLogger('oslo.messaging.'
+                                                  'notification.foo'))
         logger.sample = None
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(logging, 'getLogger')
-        logging.getLogger('oslo.messaging.notification.foo').\
-            AndReturn(logger)
 
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        logging.getLogger = mock.Mock()
+        logging.getLogger.return_value = logger
 
         msg = {'event_type': 'foo'}
         driver.notify(None, msg, "sample", None)
 
+        logging.getLogger.assert_called_once_with('oslo.messaging.'
+                                                  'notification.foo')
+
     def test_mask_passwords(self):
         # Ensure that passwords are masked with notifications
         driver = _impl_log.LogDriver(None, None, None)
diff --git a/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_client.py b/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_client.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 4a527bcd5..16bf42749
--- a/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_client.py
+++ b/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_client.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+import mock
+
 from oslo_config import cfg
 import testscenarios
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ class TestCastCall(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         transport = _FakeTransport(self.conf)
         client = oslo_messaging.RPCClient(transport, oslo_messaging.Target())
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+        transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
         msg = dict(method='foo', args=self.args)
         kwargs = {'retry': None}
@@ -62,12 +64,14 @@ class TestCastCall(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
             kwargs['wait_for_reply'] = True
             kwargs['timeout'] = None
 
-        transport._send(oslo_messaging.Target(), self.ctxt, msg, **kwargs)
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
-
         method = client.call if self.call else client.cast
         method(self.ctxt, 'foo', **self.args)
 
+        transport._send.assert_called_once_with(oslo_messaging.Target(),
+                                                self.ctxt,
+                                                msg,
+                                                **kwargs)
+
 
 class TestCastToTarget(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -191,16 +195,13 @@ class TestCastToTarget(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         transport = _FakeTransport(self.conf)
         client = oslo_messaging.RPCClient(transport, target)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+        transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
         msg = dict(method='foo', args={})
         if 'namespace' in self.expect:
             msg['namespace'] = self.expect['namespace']
         if 'version' in self.expect:
             msg['version'] = self.expect['version']
-        transport._send(expect_target, {}, msg, retry=None)
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
 
         if self.prepare:
             client = client.prepare(**self.prepare)
@@ -208,6 +209,11 @@ class TestCastToTarget(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                 client = client.prepare(**self.prepare)
         client.cast({}, 'foo')
 
+        transport._send.assert_called_once_with(expect_target,
+                                                {},
+                                                msg,
+                                                retry=None)
+
 
 TestCastToTarget.generate_scenarios()
 
@@ -241,18 +247,20 @@ class TestCallTimeout(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         client = oslo_messaging.RPCClient(transport, oslo_messaging.Target(),
                                           timeout=self.ctor)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+        transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
         msg = dict(method='foo', args={})
         kwargs = dict(wait_for_reply=True, timeout=self.expect, retry=None)
-        transport._send(oslo_messaging.Target(), {}, msg, **kwargs)
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
 
         if self.prepare is not _notset:
             client = client.prepare(timeout=self.prepare)
         client.call({}, 'foo')
 
+        transport._send.assert_called_once_with(oslo_messaging.Target(),
+                                                {},
+                                                msg,
+                                                **kwargs)
+
 
 class TestCallRetry(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -270,19 +278,21 @@ class TestCallRetry(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         client = oslo_messaging.RPCClient(transport, oslo_messaging.Target(),
                                           retry=self.ctor)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+        transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
         msg = dict(method='foo', args={})
         kwargs = dict(wait_for_reply=True, timeout=60,
                       retry=self.expect)
-        transport._send(oslo_messaging.Target(), {}, msg, **kwargs)
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
 
         if self.prepare is not _notset:
             client = client.prepare(retry=self.prepare)
         client.call({}, 'foo')
 
+        transport._send.assert_called_once_with(oslo_messaging.Target(),
+                                                {},
+                                                msg,
+                                                **kwargs)
+
 
 class TestCallFanout(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -328,37 +338,46 @@ class TestSerializer(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         client = oslo_messaging.RPCClient(transport, oslo_messaging.Target(),
                                           serializer=serializer)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+        transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
         msg = dict(method='foo',
                    args=dict([(k, 's' + v) for k, v in self.args.items()]))
         kwargs = dict(wait_for_reply=True, timeout=None) if self.call else {}
         kwargs['retry'] = None
-        transport._send(oslo_messaging.Target(),
-                        dict(user='alice'),
-                        msg,
-                        **kwargs).AndReturn(self.retval)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'serialize_entity')
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'deserialize_entity')
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'serialize_context')
+        transport._send.return_value = self.retval
 
+        serializer.serialize_entity = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.deserialize_entity = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.serialize_context = mock.Mock()
+
+        expected_side_effect = []
         for arg in self.args:
-            serializer.serialize_entity(self.ctxt, arg).AndReturn('s' + arg)
+            expected_side_effect.append('s' + arg)
+        serializer.serialize_entity.side_effect = expected_side_effect
 
         if self.call:
-            serializer.deserialize_entity(self.ctxt, self.retval).\
-                AndReturn('d' + self.retval)
+            serializer.deserialize_entity.return_value = 'd' + self.retval
 
-        serializer.serialize_context(self.ctxt).AndReturn(dict(user='alice'))
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        serializer.serialize_context.return_value = dict(user='alice')
 
         method = client.call if self.call else client.cast
         retval = method(self.ctxt, 'foo', **self.args)
         if self.retval is not None:
             self.assertEqual('d' + self.retval, retval)
 
+        transport._send.assert_called_once_with(oslo_messaging.Target(),
+                                                dict(user='alice'),
+                                                msg,
+                                                **kwargs)
+        expected_calls = [mock.call(self.ctxt, arg) for arg in self.args]
+        self.assertEqual(expected_calls,
+                         serializer.serialize_entity.mock_calls)
+        if self.call:
+            serializer.deserialize_entity.assert_called_once_with(self.ctxt,
+                                                                  self.retval)
+        serializer.serialize_context.assert_called_once_with(self.ctxt)
+
 
 class TestVersionCap(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -418,7 +437,7 @@ class TestVersionCap(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                                           version_cap=self.cap)
 
         if self.success:
-            self.mox.StubOutWithMock(transport, '_send')
+            transport._send = mock.Mock()
 
             if self.prepare_version is not _notset:
                 target = target(version=self.prepare_version)
@@ -432,10 +451,6 @@ class TestVersionCap(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                 kwargs['wait_for_reply'] = True
                 kwargs['timeout'] = None
 
-            transport._send(target, {}, msg, **kwargs)
-
-            self.mox.ReplayAll()
-
         prep_kwargs = {}
         if self.prepare_cap is not _notset:
             prep_kwargs['version_cap'] = self.prepare_cap
@@ -452,7 +467,7 @@ class TestVersionCap(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(self.success)
         else:
             self.assertTrue(self.success)
-
+            transport._send.assert_called_once_with(target, {}, msg, **kwargs)
 
 TestVersionCap.generate_scenarios()
 
diff --git a/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_dispatcher.py b/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_dispatcher.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 23747303d..00b36e718
--- a/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_dispatcher.py
+++ b/oslo_messaging/tests/rpc/test_dispatcher.py
@@ -231,23 +231,23 @@ class TestSerializer(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         serializer = msg_serializer.NoOpSerializer()
         dispatcher = oslo_messaging.RPCDispatcher([endpoint], serializer)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(endpoint, 'foo')
+        endpoint.foo = mock.Mock()
+
         args = dict([(k, 'd' + v) for k, v in self.args.items()])
-        endpoint.foo(self.dctxt, **args).AndReturn(self.retval)
+        endpoint.foo.return_value = self.retval
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'serialize_entity')
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'deserialize_entity')
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(serializer, 'deserialize_context')
+        serializer.serialize_entity = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.deserialize_entity = mock.Mock()
+        serializer.deserialize_context = mock.Mock()
 
-        serializer.deserialize_context(self.ctxt).AndReturn(self.dctxt)
+        serializer.deserialize_context.return_value = self.dctxt
 
-        for arg in self.args:
-            serializer.deserialize_entity(self.dctxt, arg).AndReturn('d' + arg)
+        expected_side_effect = ['d' + arg for arg in self.args]
+        serializer.deserialize_entity.side_effect = expected_side_effect
 
-        serializer.serialize_entity(self.dctxt, self.retval). \
-            AndReturn('s' + self.retval if self.retval else None)
-
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        serializer.serialize_entity.return_value = None
+        if self.retval:
+            serializer.serialize_entity.return_value = 's' + self.retval
 
         incoming = mock.Mock()
         incoming.ctxt = self.ctxt
@@ -255,3 +255,13 @@ class TestSerializer(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         retval = dispatcher.dispatch(incoming)
         if self.retval is not None:
             self.assertEqual('s' + self.retval, retval)
+
+        endpoint.foo.assert_called_once_with(self.dctxt, **args)
+        serializer.deserialize_context.assert_called_once_with(self.ctxt)
+
+        expected_calls = [mock.call(self.dctxt, arg) for arg in self.args]
+        self.assertEqual(expected_calls,
+                         serializer.deserialize_entity.mock_calls)
+
+        serializer.serialize_entity.assert_called_once_with(self.dctxt,
+                                                            self.retval)
diff --git a/oslo_messaging/tests/test_transport.py b/oslo_messaging/tests/test_transport.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index ee969cf69..1c75da50d
--- a/oslo_messaging/tests/test_transport.py
+++ b/oslo_messaging/tests/test_transport.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 import fixtures
 import mock
-from mox3 import mox
 from oslo_config import cfg
 import six
 from stevedore import driver
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ class GetTransportTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                     control_exchange=self.control_exchange,
                     transport_url=self.transport_url)
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(driver, 'DriverManager')
+        driver.DriverManager = mock.Mock()
 
         invoke_args = [self.conf,
                        oslo_messaging.TransportURL.parse(self.conf,
@@ -128,14 +127,8 @@ class GetTransportTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                            allowed_remote_exmods=self.expect['allowed'])
 
         drvr = _FakeDriver(self.conf)
-        driver.DriverManager('oslo.messaging.drivers',
-                             self.expect['backend'],
-                             invoke_on_load=True,
-                             invoke_args=invoke_args,
-                             invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds).\
-            AndReturn(_FakeManager(drvr))
 
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        driver.DriverManager.return_value = _FakeManager(drvr)
 
         kwargs = dict(url=self.url)
         if self.allowed is not None:
@@ -156,6 +149,12 @@ class GetTransportTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
         self.assertIs(transport_.conf, self.conf)
         self.assertIs(transport_._driver, drvr)
 
+        driver.DriverManager.assert_called_once_with('oslo.messaging.drivers',
+                                                     self.expect['backend'],
+                                                     invoke_on_load=True,
+                                                     invoke_args=invoke_args,
+                                                     invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds)
+
 
 class GetTransportSadPathTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ class GetTransportSadPathTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
                     transport_url=self.transport_url)
 
         if self.rpc_backend:
-            self.mox.StubOutWithMock(driver, 'DriverManager')
+            driver.DriverManager = mock.Mock()
 
             invoke_args = [self.conf,
                            oslo_messaging.TransportURL.parse(self.conf,
@@ -190,18 +189,17 @@ class GetTransportSadPathTestCase(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
             invoke_kwds = dict(default_exchange='openstack',
                                allowed_remote_exmods=[])
 
-            driver.DriverManager('oslo.messaging.drivers',
-                                 self.rpc_backend,
-                                 invoke_on_load=True,
-                                 invoke_args=invoke_args,
-                                 invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds).\
-                AndRaise(RuntimeError())
-
-            self.mox.ReplayAll()
-
+            driver.DriverManager.side_effect = RuntimeError()
         try:
             oslo_messaging.get_transport(self.conf, url=self.url)
             self.assertFalse(True)
+
+            driver.DriverManager.\
+                assert_called_once_with('oslo.messaging.drivers',
+                                        self.rpc_backend,
+                                        invoke_on_load=True,
+                                        invoke_args=invoke_args,
+                                        invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds)
         except Exception as ex:
             ex_cls = self.ex.pop('cls')
             ex_msg_contains = self.ex.pop('msg_contains')
@@ -258,18 +256,20 @@ class TestSetDefaults(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
     def test_set_default_control_exchange(self):
         oslo_messaging.set_transport_defaults(control_exchange='foo')
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(driver, 'DriverManager')
-        invoke_kwds = mox.ContainsKeyValue('default_exchange', 'foo')
-        driver.DriverManager(mox.IgnoreArg(),
-                             mox.IgnoreArg(),
-                             invoke_on_load=mox.IgnoreArg(),
-                             invoke_args=mox.IgnoreArg(),
-                             invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds).\
-            AndReturn(_FakeManager(_FakeDriver(self.conf)))
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        driver.DriverManager = mock.Mock()
+        invoke_kwds = dict(default_exchange='foo', allowed_remote_exmods=[])
+
+        driver.DriverManager.return_value = \
+            _FakeManager(_FakeDriver(self.conf))
 
         oslo_messaging.get_transport(self.conf)
 
+        driver.DriverManager.assert_called_once_with(mock.ANY,
+                                                     mock.ANY,
+                                                     invoke_on_load=mock.ANY,
+                                                     invoke_args=mock.ANY,
+                                                     invoke_kwds=invoke_kwds)
+
 
 class TestTransportMethodArgs(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -278,57 +278,70 @@ class TestTransportMethodArgs(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
     def test_send_defaults(self):
         t = transport.Transport(_FakeDriver(cfg.CONF))
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(t._driver, 'send')
-        t._driver.send(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message',
-                       wait_for_reply=None,
-                       timeout=None, retry=None)
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        t._driver.send = mock.Mock()
 
         t._send(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message')
 
+        t._driver.send.assert_called_once_with(self._target,
+                                               'ctxt',
+                                               'message',
+                                               wait_for_reply=None,
+                                               timeout=None,
+                                               retry=None)
+
     def test_send_all_args(self):
         t = transport.Transport(_FakeDriver(cfg.CONF))
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(t._driver, 'send')
-        t._driver.send(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message',
-                       wait_for_reply='wait_for_reply',
-                       timeout='timeout', retry='retry')
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        t._driver.send = mock.Mock()
 
         t._send(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message',
                 wait_for_reply='wait_for_reply',
                 timeout='timeout', retry='retry')
 
+        t._driver.send.\
+            assert_called_once_with(self._target,
+                                    'ctxt',
+                                    'message',
+                                    wait_for_reply='wait_for_reply',
+                                    timeout='timeout',
+                                    retry='retry')
+
     def test_send_notification(self):
         t = transport.Transport(_FakeDriver(cfg.CONF))
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(t._driver, 'send_notification')
-        t._driver.send_notification(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message', 1.0,
-                                    retry=None)
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        t._driver.send_notification = mock.Mock()
 
         t._send_notification(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message', version=1.0)
 
+        t._driver.send_notification.assert_called_once_with(self._target,
+                                                            'ctxt',
+                                                            'message',
+                                                            1.0,
+                                                            retry=None)
+
     def test_send_notification_all_args(self):
         t = transport.Transport(_FakeDriver(cfg.CONF))
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(t._driver, 'send_notification')
-        t._driver.send_notification(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message', 1.0,
-                                    retry=5)
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        t._driver.send_notification = mock.Mock()
 
         t._send_notification(self._target, 'ctxt', 'message', version=1.0,
                              retry=5)
 
+        t._driver.send_notification.assert_called_once_with(self._target,
+                                                            'ctxt',
+                                                            'message',
+                                                            1.0,
+                                                            retry=5)
+
     def test_listen(self):
         t = transport.Transport(_FakeDriver(cfg.CONF))
 
-        self.mox.StubOutWithMock(t._driver, 'listen')
-        t._driver.listen(self._target, 1, None)
-        self.mox.ReplayAll()
+        t._driver.listen = mock.Mock()
 
         t._listen(self._target, 1, None)
 
+        t._driver.listen.assert_called_once_with(self._target, 1, None)
+
 
 class TestTransportUrlCustomisation(test_utils.BaseTestCase):
     def setUp(self):