diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index d174849..31d9d64 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -23,3 +23,8 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: hacking
         additional_dependencies: []
+  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v3.18.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyupgrade
+        args: [--py3-only]
diff --git a/doc/source/conf.py b/doc/source/conf.py
index d49c70d..a8a4de6 100644
--- a/doc/source/conf.py
+++ b/doc/source/conf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
diff --git a/whereto/__init__.py b/whereto/__init__.py
index 134dc68..fd0f7b8 100644
--- a/whereto/__init__.py
+++ b/whereto/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
 # a copy of the License at
diff --git a/whereto/app.py b/whereto/app.py
index 387e602..dd76a68 100644
--- a/whereto/app.py
+++ b/whereto/app.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
 #
@@ -16,7 +14,6 @@
 # under the License.
 
 import argparse
-import io
 import logging
 import sys
 
@@ -188,12 +185,12 @@ def main():
     ruleset = rules.RuleSet()
 
     log.debug('reading redirects from {}'.format(args.htaccess_file))
-    with io.open(args.htaccess_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+    with open(args.htaccess_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
         for linenum, params in parser.parse_rules(f):
             ruleset.add(linenum, *params)
 
     log.debug('reading tests from {}'.format(args.htaccess_file))
-    with io.open(args.test_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+    with open(args.test_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
         tests = [
             (linenum,) + tuple(params)
             for linenum, params in parser.parse_tests(f)
diff --git a/whereto/parser.py b/whereto/parser.py
index 6ce9ab0..0600cc0 100644
--- a/whereto/parser.py
+++ b/whereto/parser.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
 #
diff --git a/whereto/rules.py b/whereto/rules.py
index d70e671..0d09002 100644
--- a/whereto/rules.py
+++ b/whereto/rules.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
 #
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ import re
 LOG = logging.getLogger()
 
 
-class Rule(object):
+class Rule:
     "Base class for rules."
 
     def __init__(self, linenum, *params):
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ class RedirectMatch(Rule):
     _group_subst = re.compile(r'(?<!\\)\$([0-9])')
 
     def __init__(self, linenum, *params):
-        super(RedirectMatch, self).__init__(linenum, *params)
+        super().__init__(linenum, *params)
         self.regex = pcre.compile(self.pattern)
         if self.target:
             self.target_repl = self._get_target_repl()
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ class RedirectMatch(Rule):
         return None
 
 
-class RuleSet(object):
+class RuleSet:
     "An ordered collection of rules."
 
     _factories = {
diff --git a/whereto/tests/base.py b/whereto/tests/base.py
index 1c30cdb..2159808 100644
--- a/whereto/tests/base.py
+++ b/whereto/tests/base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
 #
diff --git a/whereto/tests/test_app.py b/whereto/tests/test_app.py
index b888760..c872d4b 100644
--- a/whereto/tests/test_app.py
+++ b/whereto/tests/test_app.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
 # a copy of the License at
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ from whereto.tests import base
 class TestProcessTests(base.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(TestProcessTests, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.ruleset = rules.RuleSet()
 
     def test_zero_matches(self):
diff --git a/whereto/tests/test_parser.py b/whereto/tests/test_parser.py
index 67d1634..9e7327b 100644
--- a/whereto/tests/test_parser.py
+++ b/whereto/tests/test_parser.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
 # a copy of the License at
diff --git a/whereto/tests/test_rules.py b/whereto/tests/test_rules.py
index 3793494..b656ede 100644
--- a/whereto/tests/test_rules.py
+++ b/whereto/tests/test_rules.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
 # a copy of the License at
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ from whereto.tests import base
 class TestRedirect(base.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(TestRedirect, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.rule = rules.Redirect(
             1,
             'redirect', '301', '/path', '/new/path',
@@ -210,7 +208,7 @@ class TestRedirectMatch(base.TestCase):
 class TestRuleSet(base.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(TestRuleSet, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.ruleset = rules.RuleSet()
 
     def test_add_redirect(self):