519 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
519 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
Configuring PXE and iPXE
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========================
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DHCP server setup
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-----------------
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A DHCP server is required by PXE/iPXE client. You need to follow steps below.
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#. Set the ``[dhcp]/dhcp_provider`` to ``neutron`` in the Bare Metal Service's
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configuration file (``/etc/ironic/ironic.conf``):
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.. note::
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Refer :doc:`/install/configure-tenant-networks` for details. The
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``dhcp_provider`` configuration is already set by the configuration
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defaults, and when you create subnet, DHCP is also enabled if you do not add
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any dhcp options at "openstack subnet create" command.
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#. Enable DHCP in the subnet of PXE network.
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#. Set the ip address range in the subnet for DHCP.
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.. note::
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Refer :doc:`/install/configure-networking` for details about the two
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precedent steps.
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#. Connect the openstack DHCP agent to the external network through the OVS
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bridges and the interface ``eth2``.
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.. note::
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Refer :doc:`/install/configure-networking` for details. You do not require
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this part if br-int, br-eth2 and eth2 are already connected.
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#. Configure the host ip at ``br-eth2``. If it locates at ``eth2``, do below::
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ip addr del 192.168.2.10/24 dev eth2
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ip addr add 192.168.2.10/24 dev br-eth2
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.. note::
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Replace eth2 with the interface on the network node which you are using to
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connect to the Bare Metal service.
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TFTP server setup
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-----------------
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In order to deploy instances via PXE, a TFTP server needs to be
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set up on the Bare Metal service nodes which run the ``ironic-conductor``.
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#. Make sure the tftp root directory exist and can be written to by the
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user the ``ironic-conductor`` is running as. For example::
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sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot
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sudo chown -R ironic /tftpboot
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#. Install tftp server:
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Ubuntu::
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sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd-hpa
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RHEL7/CentOS7::
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sudo yum install tftp-server xinetd
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Fedora::
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sudo dnf install tftp-server xinetd
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SUSE::
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sudo zypper install tftp xinetd
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#. Using xinetd to provide a tftp server setup to serve ``/tftpboot``.
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Create or edit ``/etc/xinetd.d/tftp`` as below::
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service tftp
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{
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protocol = udp
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port = 69
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socket_type = dgram
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wait = yes
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user = root
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server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
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server_args = -v -v -v -v -v --map-file /tftpboot/map-file /tftpboot
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disable = no
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# This is a workaround for Fedora, where TFTP will listen only on
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# IPv6 endpoint, if IPv4 flag is not used.
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flags = IPv4
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}
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and restart the ``xinetd`` service:
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Ubuntu::
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sudo service xinetd restart
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Fedora/RHEL7/CentOS7/SUSE::
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sudo systemctl restart xinetd
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.. note::
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In certain environments the network's MTU may cause TFTP UDP packets to get
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fragmented. Certain PXE firmwares struggle to reconstruct the fragmented
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packets which can cause significant slow down or even prevent the server
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from PXE booting. In order to avoid this, TFTPd provides an option to limit
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the packet size so that it they do not get fragmented. To set this
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additional option in the server_args above::
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--blocksize <MAX MTU minus 32>
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#. Create a map file in the tftp boot directory (``/tftpboot``)::
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echo 're ^(/tftpboot/) /tftpboot/\2' > /tftpboot/map-file
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echo 're ^/tftpboot/ /tftpboot/' >> /tftpboot/map-file
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echo 're ^(^/) /tftpboot/\1' >> /tftpboot/map-file
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echo 're ^([^/]) /tftpboot/\1' >> /tftpboot/map-file
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UEFI PXE - Grub setup
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---------------------
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In order to deploy instances with PXE on bare metal nodes which support
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UEFI, perform these additional steps on the ironic conductor node to configure
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the PXE UEFI environment.
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#. Install Grub2 and shim packages:
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Ubuntu (16.04LTS and later)::
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sudo apt-get install grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed
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RHEL7/CentOS7::
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sudo yum install grub2-efi shim
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Fedora::
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sudo dnf install grub2-efi shim
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SUSE::
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sudo zypper install grub2-x86_64-efi shim
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#. Copy grub and shim boot loader images to ``/tftpboot`` directory:
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Ubuntu (16.04LTS and later)::
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sudo cp /usr/lib/shim/shim.efi.signed /tftpboot/bootx64.efi
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sudo cp /usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi-signed/grubnetx64.efi.signed /tftpboot/grubx64.efi
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Fedora::
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sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/shim.efi /tftpboot/bootx64.efi
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sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grubx64.efi /tftpboot/grubx64.efi
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RHEL7/CentOS7::
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sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/centos/shim.efi /tftpboot/bootx64.efi
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sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grubx64.efi /tftpboot/grubx64.efi
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SUSE::
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sudo cp /usr/lib64/efi/shim.efi /tftpboot/bootx64.efi
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sudo cp /usr/lib/grub2/x86_64-efi/grub.efi /tftpboot/grubx64.efi
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#. Create master grub.cfg:
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Ubuntu: Create grub.cfg under ``/tftpboot/grub`` directory::
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GRUB_DIR=/tftpboot/grub
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Fedora: Create grub.cfg under ``/tftpboot/EFI/fedora`` directory::
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GRUB_DIR=/tftpboot/EFI/fedora
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RHEL7/CentOS7: Create grub.cfg under ``/tftpboot/EFI/centos`` directory::
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GRUB_DIR=/tftpboot/EFI/centos
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SUSE: Create grub.cfg under ``/tftpboot/boot/grub`` directory::
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GRUB_DIR=/tftpboot/boot/grub
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Create directory ``GRUB_DIR``::
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sudo mkdir -p $GRUB_DIR
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This file is used to redirect grub to baremetal node specific config file.
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It redirects it to specific grub config file based on DHCP IP assigned to
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baremetal node.
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.. literalinclude:: ../../../ironic/drivers/modules/master_grub_cfg.txt
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Change the permission of grub.cfg::
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sudo chmod 644 $GRUB_DIR/grub.cfg
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#. Update the bare metal node with ``boot_mode:uefi`` capability in
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node's properties field. See :ref:`boot_mode_support` for details.
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#. Make sure that bare metal node is configured to boot in UEFI boot mode and
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boot device is set to network/pxe.
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.. note::
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Some drivers, e.g. ``ilo``, ``irmc`` and ``redfish``, support automatic
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setting of the boot mode during deployment. This step is not required
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for them. Please check :doc:`../admin/drivers` for information on whether
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your driver requires manual UEFI configuration.
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Legacy BIOS - Syslinux setup
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----------------------------
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In order to deploy instances with PXE on bare metal using Legacy BIOS boot
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mode, perform these additional steps on the ironic conductor node.
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#. Install the syslinux package with the PXE boot images:
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Ubuntu (16.04LTS and later)::
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sudo apt-get install syslinux-common pxelinux
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RHEL7/CentOS7::
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sudo yum install syslinux-tftpboot
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Fedora::
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sudo dnf install syslinux-tftpboot
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SUSE::
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sudo zypper install syslinux
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#. Copy the PXE image to ``/tftpboot``. The PXE image might be found at [1]_:
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Ubuntu (16.04LTS and later)::
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sudo cp /usr/lib/PXELINUX/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot
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RHEL7/CentOS7/SUSE::
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sudo cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot
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#. If whole disk images need to be deployed via PXE-netboot, copy the
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chain.c32 image to ``/tftpboot`` to support it:
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Ubuntu (16.04LTS and later)::
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sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/chain.c32 /tftpboot
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Fedora::
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sudo cp /boot/extlinux/chain.c32 /tftpboot
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RHEL7/CentOS7/SUSE::
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sudo cp /usr/share/syslinux/chain.c32 /tftpboot/
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#. If the version of syslinux is **greater than** 4 we also need to make sure
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that we copy the library modules into the ``/tftpboot`` directory [2]_
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[1]_. For example, for Ubuntu run::
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sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/*/ldlinux.* /tftpboot
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#. Update the bare metal node with ``boot_mode:bios`` capability in
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node's properties field. See :ref:`boot_mode_support` for details.
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#. Make sure that bare metal node is configured to boot in Legacy BIOS boot mode
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and boot device is set to network/pxe.
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.. [1] On **Fedora/RHEL** the ``syslinux-tftpboot`` package already installs
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the library modules and PXE image at ``/tftpboot``. If the TFTP server
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is configured to listen to a different directory you should copy the
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contents of ``/tftpboot`` to the configured directory
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.. [2] http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/Library_modules
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iPXE setup
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----------
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If you will be using iPXE to boot instead of PXE, iPXE needs to be set up
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on the Bare Metal service node(s) where ``ironic-conductor`` is running.
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#. Make sure these directories exist and can be written to by the user
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the ``ironic-conductor`` is running as. For example::
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sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot
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sudo mkdir -p /httpboot
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sudo chown -R ironic /tftpboot
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sudo chown -R ironic /httpboot
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#. Create a map file in the tftp boot directory (``/tftpboot``)::
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echo 'r ^([^/]) /tftpboot/\1' > /tftpboot/map-file
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echo 'r ^(/tftpboot/) /tftpboot/\2' >> /tftpboot/map-file
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.. _HTTP server:
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#. Set up TFTP and HTTP servers.
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These servers should be running and configured to use the local
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/tftpboot and /httpboot directories respectively, as their root
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directories. (Setting up these servers is outside the scope of this
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install guide.)
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These root directories need to be mounted locally to the
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``ironic-conductor`` services, so that the services can access them.
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The Bare Metal service's configuration file (/etc/ironic/ironic.conf)
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should be edited accordingly to specify the TFTP and HTTP root
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directories and server addresses. For example:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[pxe]
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# Ironic compute node's tftp root path. (string value)
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tftp_root=/tftpboot
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# IP address of Ironic compute node's tftp server. (string
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# value)
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tftp_server=192.168.0.2
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[deploy]
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# Ironic compute node's http root path. (string value)
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http_root=/httpboot
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# Ironic compute node's HTTP server URL. Example:
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# http://192.1.2.3:8080 (string value)
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http_url=http://192.168.0.2:8080
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#. Install the iPXE package with the boot images:
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Ubuntu::
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apt-get install ipxe
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RHEL7/CentOS7::
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yum install ipxe-bootimgs
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Fedora::
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dnf install ipxe-bootimgs
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.. note::
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SUSE does not provide a package containing iPXE boot images. If you are
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using SUSE or if the packaged version of the iPXE boot image doesn't
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work, you can download a prebuilt one from http://boot.ipxe.org or build
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one image from source, see http://ipxe.org/download for more information.
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#. Copy the iPXE boot image (``undionly.kpxe`` for **BIOS** and
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``ipxe.efi`` for **UEFI**) to ``/tftpboot``. The binary might
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be found at:
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Ubuntu::
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cp /usr/lib/ipxe/{undionly.kpxe,ipxe.efi} /tftpboot
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Fedora/RHEL7/CentOS7::
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cp /usr/share/ipxe/{undionly.kpxe,ipxe.efi} /tftpboot
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#. Enable/Configure iPXE in the Bare Metal Service's configuration file
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(/etc/ironic/ironic.conf):
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.. code-block:: ini
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[pxe]
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# Enable iPXE boot. (boolean value)
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ipxe_enabled=True
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# Neutron bootfile DHCP parameter. (string value)
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pxe_bootfile_name=undionly.kpxe
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# Bootfile DHCP parameter for UEFI boot mode. (string value)
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uefi_pxe_bootfile_name=ipxe.efi
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# Template file for PXE configuration. (string value)
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pxe_config_template=$pybasedir/drivers/modules/ipxe_config.template
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# Template file for PXE configuration for UEFI boot loader.
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# (string value)
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uefi_pxe_config_template=$pybasedir/drivers/modules/ipxe_config.template
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.. note::
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The ``[pxe]ipxe_enabled`` option has been deprecated and will be removed
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in the T* development cycle. Users should instead consider use of the
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``ipxe`` boot interface. The same default use of iPXE functionality can
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be achieved by setting the ``[DEFAULT]default_boot_interface`` option
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to ``ipxe``.
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#. It is possible to configure the Bare Metal service in such a way
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that nodes will boot into the deploy image directly from Object Storage.
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Doing this avoids having to cache the images on the ironic-conductor
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host and serving them via the ironic-conductor's `HTTP server`_.
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This can be done if:
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#. the Image Service is used for image storage;
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#. the images in the Image Service are internally stored in
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Object Storage;
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#. the Object Storage supports generating temporary URLs
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for accessing objects stored in it.
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Both the OpenStack Swift and RADOS Gateway provide support for this.
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* See :doc:`/admin/radosgw` on how to configure
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the Bare Metal Service with RADOS Gateway as the Object Storage.
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Configure this by setting the ``[pxe]/ipxe_use_swift`` configuration
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option to ``True`` as follows:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[pxe]
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# Download deploy images directly from swift using temporary
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# URLs. If set to false (default), images are downloaded to
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# the ironic-conductor node and served over its local HTTP
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# server. Applicable only when 'ipxe_enabled' option is set to
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# true. (boolean value)
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ipxe_use_swift=True
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Although the `HTTP server`_ still has to be deployed and configured
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(as it will serve iPXE boot script and boot configuration files for nodes),
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such configuration will shift some load from ironic-conductor hosts
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to the Object Storage service which can be scaled horizontally.
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Note that when SSL is enabled on the Object Storage service
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you have to ensure that iPXE firmware on the nodes can indeed
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boot from generated temporary URLs that use HTTPS protocol.
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#. Restart the ``ironic-conductor`` process:
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Fedora/RHEL7/CentOS7/SUSE::
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sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-conductor
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Ubuntu::
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sudo service ironic-conductor restart
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PXE multi-architecture setup
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----------------------------
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It is possible to deploy servers of different architecture by one conductor.
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To use this feature, architecture-specific boot and template files must
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be configured using the configuration options
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``[pxe]pxe_bootfile_name_by_arch`` and ``[pxe]pxe_config_template_by_arch``
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respectively, in the Bare Metal service's configuration file
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(/etc/ironic/ironic.conf).
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These two options are dictionary values; the key is the architecture and the
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value is the boot (or config template) file. A node's ``cpu_arch`` property is
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used as the key to get the appropriate boot file and template file. If the
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node's ``cpu_arch`` is not in the dictionary, the configuration options (in
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[pxe] group) ``pxe_bootfile_name``, ``pxe_config_template``,
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``uefi_pxe_bootfile_name`` and ``uefi_pxe_config_template`` will be used
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instead.
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In the following example, since 'x86' and 'x86_64' keys are not in the
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``pxe_bootfile_name_by_arch`` or ``pxe_config_template_by_arch`` options, x86
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and x86_64 nodes will be deployed by 'pxelinux.0' or 'bootx64.efi', depending
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on the node's ``boot_mode`` capability ('bios' or 'uefi'). However, aarch64
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nodes will be deployed by 'grubaa64.efi', and ppc64 nodes by 'bootppc64'::
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[pxe]
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# Bootfile DHCP parameter. (string value)
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pxe_bootfile_name=pxelinux.0
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# On ironic-conductor node, template file for PXE
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# configuration. (string value)
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pxe_config_template = $pybasedir/drivers/modules/pxe_config.template
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# Bootfile DHCP parameter for UEFI boot mode. (string value)
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uefi_pxe_bootfile_name=bootx64.efi
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# On ironic-conductor node, template file for PXE
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# configuration for UEFI boot loader. (string value)
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uefi_pxe_config_template=$pybasedir/drivers/modules/pxe_grub_config.template
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# Bootfile DHCP parameter per node architecture. (dict value)
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pxe_bootfile_name_by_arch=aarch64:grubaa64.efi,ppc64:bootppc64
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# On ironic-conductor node, template file for PXE
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# configuration per node architecture. For example:
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# aarch64:/opt/share/grubaa64_pxe_config.template (dict value)
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pxe_config_template_by_arch=aarch64:pxe_grubaa64_config.template,ppc64:pxe_ppc64_config.template
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PXE timeouts tuning
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-------------------
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Because of its reliance on UDP-based protocols (DHCP and TFTP), PXE is
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particularly vulnerable to random failures during the booting stage. If the
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deployment ramdisk never calls back to the bare metal conductor, the build will
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be aborted, and the node will be moved to the ``deploy failed`` state, after
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the deploy callback timeout. This timeout can be changed via the
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:oslo.config:option:`conductor.deploy_callback_timeout` configuration option.
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Starting with the Train release, the Bare Metal service can retry PXE boot if
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it takes too long. The timeout is defined via
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:oslo.config:option:`pxe.boot_retry_timeout` and must be smaller than the
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``deploy_callback_timeout``, otherwise it will have no effect.
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For example, the following configuration sets the overall timeout to 60
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minutes, allowing two retries after 20 minutes:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[conductor]
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deploy_callback_timeout = 3600
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[pxe]
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boot_retry_timeout = 1200
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