226 lines
7.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
226 lines
7.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
===============================
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Tool support for image creation
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===============================
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There are several tools that are designed to automate image creation.
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Diskimage-builder
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`Diskimage-builder <http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/>`_
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is an automated disk image creation tool that supports a variety
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of distributions and architectures.
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Diskimage-builder (DIB) can build images for Fedora, Red Hat
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Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and openSUSE.
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DIB is organized in a series of elements that build on top of
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each other to create specific images.
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To build an image, call the following script:
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.. code-block:: console
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# disk-image-create ubuntu vm
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This example creates a generic, bootable Ubuntu image of the latest release.
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Further customization could be accomplished by setting environment
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variables or adding elements to the command-line:
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.. code-block:: console
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# disk-image-create -a armhf ubuntu vm
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This example creates the image as before, but for arm architecture.
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More elements are available in the `git source directory
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<https://github.com/openstack/diskimage-builder/tree/master/elements>`_
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and documented in the `diskimage-builder elements documentation
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<http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/elements.html>`_.
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Oz
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~~
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`Oz <https://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki>`_ is a command-line tool
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that automates the process of creating a virtual machine image file.
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Oz is a Python app that interacts with KVM to step through the process
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of installing a virtual machine.
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It uses a predefined set of kickstart (Red Hat-based systems) and
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preseed files (Debian-based systems) for operating systems that it
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supports, and it can also be used to create Microsoft Windows images.
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On Fedora, install Oz with yum:
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.. code-block:: console
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# yum install oz
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.. note::
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As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for Ubuntu, so you will
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need to either install from the source or build your own .deb file.
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A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this document,
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but we will provide an example. You can find additional examples of
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Oz template files on GitHub at `rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates
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<https://github.com/rackerjoe/oz-image-build/tree/master/templates>`_.
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Here's how you would create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz.
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Create a template file (we'll call it ``centos64.tdl``) with
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the following contents. The only entry you will need to
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change is the ``<rootpw>`` contents.
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.. code-block:: xml
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<template>
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<name>centos64</name>
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<os>
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<name>CentOS-6</name>
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<version>4</version>
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<arch>x86_64</arch>
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<install type='iso'>
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<iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso>
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</install>
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<rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw>
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</os>
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<description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description>
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<repositories>
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<repository name='epel-6'>
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<url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url>
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<signed>no</signed>
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</repository>
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</repositories>
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<packages>
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<package name='epel-release'/>
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<package name='cloud-utils'/>
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<package name='cloud-init'/>
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</packages>
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<commands>
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<command name='update'>
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yum -y update
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yum clean all
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sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
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echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
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</command>
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</commands>
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</template>
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This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos 6.4 install ISO.
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Oz will use the version information to identify which kickstart file to use.
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In this case, it will be `RHEL6.auto
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<https://github.com/clalancette/oz/blob/master/oz/auto/RHEL6.auto>`_.
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It adds EPEL as a repository and install the ``epel-release``,
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``cloud-utils``, and ``cloud-init`` packages, as specified in the
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``packages`` section of the file.
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After Oz completes the initial OS install using the kickstart file,
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it customizes the image with an update. It also removes any reference
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to the eth0 device that libvirt creates while Oz does the customizing,
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as specified in the ``command`` section of the XML file.
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To run this:
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.. code-block:: console
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# oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml
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* The ``-d3`` flag tells Oz to show status information as it runs.
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* The ``-u`` tells Oz to do the customization (install extra packages,
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run the commands) once it does the initial install.
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* The ``-x`` flag tells Oz what filename to use to write out
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a libvirt XML file (otherwise it will default to something
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like ``centos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42``).
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If you leave out the ``-u`` flag, or you want to edit the file
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to do additional customizations, you can use the :command:`oz-customize`
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command, using the libvirt XML file that :command:`oz-install` creates.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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# oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml
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Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM,
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then Oz will ssh into the instance and perform the customizations.
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VMBuilder
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~~~~~~~~~
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`VMBuilder <https://launchpad.net/vmbuilder>`_ (Virtual Machine Builder)
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is a command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for
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different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships
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with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests.
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The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create
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Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests.
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The `Ubuntu Server Guide
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<https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/jeos-and-vmbuilder.html>`_
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has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an Ubuntu image.
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VeeWee
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~~~~~~
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`VeeWee <https://github.com/jedi4ever/veewee>`_ is often used
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to build `Vagrant <http://vagrantup.com>`_ boxes,
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but it can also be used to build the KVM images.
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Packer
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~~~~~~
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`Packer <https://packer.io>`_ is a tool for creating machine
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images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration.
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imagefactory
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`imagefactory <http://imgfac.org/>`_ is a newer tool designed
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to automate the building, converting, and uploading images
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to different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and
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includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.
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KIWI
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~~~~
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The `KIWI OS image builder <http://github.com/openSUSE/kiwi>`_
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provides an operating system image builder for various Linux supported
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hardware platforms as well as for virtualization and cloud systems. It
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allows building of images based on openSUSE, SUSE Linux Enterprise,
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and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The `openSUSE Documentation
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<https://doc.opensuse.org/#kiwi-doc>`_ explains how to use KIWI.
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SUSE Studio
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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`SUSE Studio <http://susestudio.com>`_ is a web application
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for building and testing software applications in a web browser.
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It supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based
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applications and includes support for building images for OpenStack
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based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and openSUSE as distributions.
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virt-builder
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`Virt-builder <http://libguestfs.org/virt-builder.1.html>`_ is a tool for
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quickly building new virtual machines. You can build a variety of VMs for
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local or cloud use, usually within a few minutes or less. Virt-builder also
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has many ways to customize these VMs. Everything is run from the command line
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and nothing requires root privileges, so automation and scripting is simple.
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To build an image, call the following script:
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.. code-block:: console
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# virt-builder fedora-23 -o image.qcow2 --format qcow2 \
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--update --selinux-relabel --size 20G
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To list the operating systems available to install:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ virt-builder --list
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To import it into libvirt with :command:`virsh`:
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.. code-block:: console
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# virt-install --name fedora --ram 2048 \
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--disk path=image.qcow2,format=qcow2 --import
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