openstack-manuals/doc/admin-guide-cloud-rst/source/blockstorage_volume_backups.rst

Back up and restore volumes

The cinder command-line interface provides the tools for creating a volume backup. You can restore a volume from a backup as long as the backup's associated database information (or backup metadata) is intact in the Block Storage database.

Run this command to create a backup of a volume:

$ cinder backup-create [--incremental] VOLUME

Where VOLUME is the name or ID of the volume, and incremental is a flag that indicates whether an incremental backup should be performed.

Without the incremental flag, a full backup is created by default. With the incremental flag, an incremental backup is created.

Note

The incremental flag is only available for block storage API v2. You have to specify [--os-volume-api-version 2] in the cinder command-line interface to use this parameter.

The incremental backup is based on a parent backup which is an existing backup with the latest timestamp. The parent backup can be a full backup or an incremental backup depending on the timestamp.

Note

The first backup of a volume has to be a full backup. Attempting to do an incremental backup without any existing backups will fail.

A new configure option backup_swift_block_size is introduced into cinder.conf for the default Swift backup driver. This is the size in bytes that changes are tracked for incremental backups. The existing backup_swift_object_size option, the size in bytes of Swift backup objects, has to be a multiple of backup_swift_block_size. The default is 32768 for backup_swift_block_size, and the default is 52428800 for backup_swift_object_size.

This command also returns a backup ID. Use this backup ID when restoring the volume:

$ cinder backup-restore BACKUP_ID

When restoring from a full backup, it is a full restore.

When restoring from an incremental backup, a list of backups is built based on the IDs of the parent backups. A full restore is performed based on the full backup first, then restore is done based on the incremental backup, laying on top of it in order.

Because volume backups are dependent on the Block Storage database, you must also back up your Block Storage database regularly to ensure data recovery.

Note

Alternatively, you can export and save the metadata of selected volume backups. Doing so precludes the need to back up the entire Block Storage database. This is useful if you need only a small subset of volumes to survive a catastrophic database failure.

If you specify a UUID encryption key when setting up the volume specifications, the backup metadata ensures that the key will remain valid when you back up and restore the volume.

For more information about how to export and import volume backup metadata, see the section called “Export and import backup metadata”.

By default, the swift object store is used for the backup repository.

If instead you want to use an NFS export as the backup repository, add the following configuration options to the [DEFAULT] section of the cinder.conf file and restart the Block Storage services:

backup_driver = cinder.backup.drivers.nfs
backup_share = HOST:EXPORT_PATH

For the backup_share option, replace HOST with the DNS resolvable host name or the IP address of the storage server for the NFS share, and EXPORT_PATH with the path to that share. If your environment requires that non-default mount options be specified for the share, set these as follows:

backup_mount_options = MOUNT_OPTIONS

MOUNT_OPTIONS is a comma-separated string of NFS mount options as detailed in the NFS man page.

There are several other options whose default values may be overriden as appropriate for your environment:

backup_compression_algorithm = zlib
backup_sha_block_size_bytes = 32768
backup_file_size = 1999994880

The option backup_compression_algorithm can be set to bz2 or None. The latter can be a useful setting when the server providing the share for the backup repository itself performs deduplication or compression on the backup data.

The option backup_file_size must be a multiple of backup_sha_block_size_bytes. It is effectively the maximum file size to be used, given your environment, to hold backup data. Volumes larger than this will be stored in multiple files in the backup repository. The backup_sha_block_size_bytes option determines the size of blocks from the cinder volume being backed up on which digital signatures are calculated in order to enable incremental backup capability.